1. Basic Plant Physiology Ag. I By: Jessica George

2. Basic Parts of a Flowering Plant Roots Stems Leaves Flower

3. Functions of Roots 1. Anchor plant 2. Absorb water and minerals 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem 4. Store food

4. Types of Roots A. Tap Root –Continuation of the primary root –Ideal for anchorage –Penetration is greater for water –Storage area for food made by photosynthesis

5. Types of Roots B. Fibrous Roots –Many finely branched secondary roots –Shallow roots cover a large area More effective absorption of water and minerals Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

6. Types of Roots C. Aerial roots Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems Roots that fasten the plant to a support –Absorptive air roots

7. Types of Roots D. Adventitious Roots –Develop in places other than nodes –Can form on cuttings and rhizomes

8. Root Hairs Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots wherevascular tissues have formed. –Increase surface area –Absorb water and minerals from soil

9. Functions of Stems 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves 2. Support the leaves and display them to light 3. Store Food

11. Specialized Stems A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus) – underground –Solid, fleshy, scale covered

12. Specialized Stems B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions) –Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other –Underground stem

13. Specialized Stems C. Tuber (potato, caladium) –Food storage area –Short, thick underground stem

14. Specialized Stems D. Crown (African Violets, fern) –Closely grouped stems or plantlets –Just above ground or just below

15. Specialized Stems E. Spurs (pear and apple trees) –Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits

16. Specialized Stems F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley) –Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground

17. Specialized Stems G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant) –Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface

18. Functions of Leaves 1. Make food through photosynthesis 2. Provide site of gas exchange 3. Store food

19. Parts of a Leaf

20. Functions of Flowers 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production 2. Produce seeds and fruit

21. Parts of the Flower Sepals –Outer covering of the flower bud –Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage

22. Parts of the Flower Petals –Brightly colored –Protects stamen and pistills –Attracts pollinating insects

23. Parts of the Flower Stamens –Male Reproductive part –Anther-produces pollen –Filament-supports the anther

24. Parts of the Flower Pistil –Female reproductive part –Ovary Enlarged portion at base of pistill Produces ovules which develop into seeds –Stigma Holds the pollen grains

25. Parts of the Flower Style –Connects the stigma with ovary –Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

26. Complete and Incomplete Flowers Complete: have all four main parts –Sepals –Petals –Stamens –Pistils