1. Plant Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction: Plants being remade without sex cells (egg or sperm/pollen)

2. Asexual Reproduction
A. Tip and Stem layering – stem comes in contact with ground and develops roots.
Ex. Raspberry bushes

3. Asexual Reproduction
B. Cuttings – stem/leaves placed in water; start to develop roots.
Ex. Geraniums

4. Asexual Reproduction
C. Grafting – take a twig from one plant and attach to stem of another.

5. Asexual Reproduction
D. Budding – attach the end bud from one plant to another.

6. Asexual Reproduction
E. Runners – stems that extend along ground and “plant themselves”.
Ex. Strawberries

7. Asexual Reproduction
F. Bulb and corm duplication – onions, daffodils, tulips. Flower is at center.

8. Asexual Reproduction
G. Rhizome – stem growing below ground.
Ex. Grass

9. Asexual Reproduction
H. Tubers – “eyes” are modified rhizomes that will develop into plant.
Ex. Potato

10. Seeds
Definition: An embryo plant with a food supply and a protective coat. d.
Function of seed parts b.
a. Testa – seed coat
b. Cotyledon – embryo leaf
c. Radicle – root tip
d. Epicotyl – embryo stem f. f.

12. Seeds
Definition: An embryo plant with a food supply and a protective coat. f. b.
Function of seed parts
e. hypocotyl – embryo root
f. endosperm – starch for
embryo
WHY WOULD A PLANT NEED ITS OWN FOOD SUPPLY?

13. Function of Seed Parts Hilum – where seed attaches to seed pod.
Micropyle – where fertilization of egg took place.

14. Germination Definition – The development of a seed into a plant.
Germination requirements:
A. water
B. oxygen
C. Correct temperature
WHY NOT LIGHT?

15. Label flower and give function of parts
1. Sepals (ALL – calyx)
A. green; leaf-like
B. Protect bud
before opening
2. Petals (ALL – corolla)
A. Protection
B. Attract pollenators (bees, etc.)

18. Label flower and give function of parts
3. Stamen – male structure
A. Anther – produces pollen
B. Filament – Holds anther up high; aids pollination
C. Pollen – plant sperm

19. Label flower and give function of parts
4. Pistil – female structure
A. Ovary – creates eggs, becomes fruit
B. Ovules (eggs) – turn into seeds if fertilized
C. Style – supports stigma

20. Label flower and give function of parts
4. Pistil – female structure
D. Stigma – pollen sticks to it
5. Receptacle – point of stem where flower meets stem

21. Variations existing in flowers
Perfect flower – both male and female parts are present on same flower
Imperfect flower – only has male OR female parts

22. PUMPKIN FLOWERS ARE IMPERFECT.
WHICH PUMPKIN FLOWER IS THE FEMALE?
HOW DO YOU KNOW?

23. Variations existing in flowers
Complete flower – All parts present
Incomplete flower – missing one or more of main parts
PETALS MISSING

24. Type of pollination
Define pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
2. Self-pollination – pollen from same plant pollinate its own flowers

25. Type of pollination
Define pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
3. Cross-pollination – pollen exchanged between flowers

26. Fertilization Pollen released from anther and sticks to stigma
2. Pollen tube (corn silk) grows down style to deliver sperm to ovary
Fertilization
Pollen tube animation

27. Three main pollinators
Insects/animals – attracted by “bright” petal
2. Wind
3. water/rain

28. Flowers to fruit
If fertilization happens, ovary develops into fruit with seeds inside.
2. If no fertilization, flower dies and falls off.

29. Various methods of seed dispersal
Mechanical
2. Wind -

30. Function of Seed Parts Testa – seed coat
Cotyledon – starch (energy source) for embryo
Radicle – embryo root tip
Hypocotyl – embryo root

31. Function of Seed Parts Epicotyl – embryo leaf
Cotyledon – starch (energy source) for embryo