1. Plant Notes- Kingdom Plantae

2. Characteristics of Plants
Multicellular ( many-celled)
Autotrophic ( make their own food)
Primary producers in most ecosystems and provide the nutritional basis in terrestrial ecosystems
Release oxygen to atmosphere
Do you remember the equation for Photosynthesis? Write it below.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Cell walls are composed of cellulose
Cannot move from place to place

3. 4 Basic Kinds of Plants:
1. Nonvascular Plants-Usually small and lack tissue to transport water and nutrients. They lack roots stems and leaves. Example: mosses.

5. 2. Seedless Vascular Plants-Have roots stems and leaves; reproduce with spores instead of seeds. Examples: Ferns

6. 3. Nonflowering Seed Plants (Gymnosperms)-vascular plants that reproduce using seeds but do not produce flowers-they produce seeds in a CONE.
Example: Pines and Spruces.

7. Usually have needle like leaves and live in cold dry (arid) environments.
Leaves falling to the ground make the soil very acidic and many plants cannot survive so there is not a lot of diversity.
What does acidic mean?
What does diversity mean?

8. 4. Flowering Seed Plants (Angiosperms)-
Plants that produce flowers. Seeds are produced in a fruit. Examples: roses, grasses and oaks.

9. 2 groups of Angiosperms:
Monocots-
one cotyledons(seed leaf)
flower parts in 3’s
leaves with parallel veins
vascular tissue is scattered
fibrous root systems.
Examples: Grains (such as wheat, corn, rice and grasses)

10. 2. Dicots two cotyledons(seed leaf) flower parts in 2’s,4’s or 5’s
leaves with branching veins
vascular tissue is in circular bunches
tap root
Examples: Daisies, roses, apples, peaches, potatoes, tomatoes

12. A Flower contains the reproductive organs of the plant.

13. Parts of a Flower and Their Functions
Sterile parts: (not used in reproduction)
Petals-usually colorful to attract pollinators
Sepals- often green and cover the bud of a flower and protects it as it develops.

14. Female parts: Pistil- includes all female parts;
located at the center of the flower
Stigma- sticky part on which pollen lands
Style-connects the stigma to the
ovary
Ovary-contains ovules & develops
into a fruit
Ovule- structure in which an egg develops and eventually become seeds

15. Male parts: Stamen-includes all male parts Anther- produces pollen
Filaments-supports the anther

16. Major Parts of A Plant ROOTS, STEMS AND LEAVES.
Major Structures of VASCULAR PLANTS include:
ROOTS, STEMS AND LEAVES.

17. Roots Take in nutrients from the ground Anchor plants into the ground
Tap root- one central root with tiny roots branching off
Fibrous roots-highly branched made up of many roots that are the same size
Fibrous root Tap Root

18. Stems Made up of several types of tissue
Supports the leaves and houses vascular tissue
Phloem-tissue that transports nutrients
Xylem- tissue that transports water

19. Leaves Site of food production –photosynthesis Parts of leaf:
Cuticle- waxy covering on the leaf that prevents water loss
Stomata- pores on the leaf that prevent water loss (p503, 561)
Guard cells- border each stoma.
Stomata open and close as the guard cells change shape.

20. Guard cells
Stomata
Stomata Opened
Stomata
Closed

21. Epidermis-outer layer of tissue
Mesophyll- packed with chloroplasts; where photosynthesis occurs
2 Layers of mesophyll:
1.Palisade layer-columnar cells that are right below the upper epidermis
2. Spongy layer-loosely packed spherical cells between palisade and lower epidermis

22. Upper
epidermis
Palisade
Vascular
tissue
Spongy
mesophyll
Lower
epidermis
Guard cells
Stomata

24. Transpiration- loss of water from a plant (THROUGH THE STOMATA)

25. cotyledon
3’s
Scattered
vascular
tissue
parallel
Fibrous roots
Vascular tissue
in bundles
4’s or 5’s
netlike
Tap root
cotyledon