1. Persistent Storage (disk?) Requirements (For The Low End ==the bottom 99%of the market ) Jim Gray Microsoft Research

2. The Ideal Disk Zero –Latency –Price –Power –Noise –Startup –Size Infinite –Capacity –Bandwidth –Shock –MTTF

3. What’s zero? What’s infinite? 1,000x more or less than current values

4. Smart Dust Zero volume (mm 3 ) Zero power (uw) MB capacity Modest bandwidth, latency,… Cost a penny Probably mems or electronic. Trillions units/year

5. Cell Phone + PDA + Camera + GPS Zero volume (micro-drive is max) Zero power (mw) Zero noise Instant on (1 second) 10 GB capacity (camcorder) Infinite shock Modest bandwidth/latency (10MBps, 20ms) Cost a few dollars 1 billion units/year

6. Appliances/Games/Toys Small volume (2” drive is max) 10GB – 1TB capacity Zero noise Instant on (1 second) Infinite shock Modest bandwidth/latency (10MBps, 20ms) House power (so power not a problem) Cost a few dollars 1B units/year (games 10% of that)

7. TabletPC/Laptop Small volume (2” drive is max) Less power than display or processor (100 mw) 1TB capacity (all my stuff) Zero noise Instant on (1 second) Infinite shock Modest bandwidth/latency (10MBps, 20ms) Cost a few 10s of dollars 300 million units/year

8. Servers (every client byte will be on several servers) 100TB capacity 1 hour scan time (==250MBps) 1 ms access time (1,000 aps) Infinite MTTF Low power/heat/cooling Low noise Cost a few 10s of dollars 1B units/year?

9. Things Microsoft Is Doing to Consume Disks Intelli-mirror: Transparent client state replication Terminal Server: Thin client Versioned file system just like VMS SnapShots: Copy On Write (COW) file system Disk replaces tape for backup Easy remote replicas –Database, Farsite,..

10. Things Microsoft Is Doing to Consume Disks Xbox (only game with a disk) Video apps: –Ultimate TV, PC TV, eHome (Free Style) Audio apps –Music (Media Player) –IP telephony, –voice recording in tablet, –Speech UI Photo apps: –Digital cameras …. Databases –Replication, Sequential search, autoManage

11. Things Microsoft Is Doing to Consume Disks Main thrust REDUCE MANAGEMENT COST Movefrom 100$/GB/y To 100$/TB/y 1,000x improvement.