1. Chapter 11.2 Spread of Islam
Mr. Marsh
Columbus North High School

2. Age of Conquest Abu Bakr was the first Caliph (successor to Muhammad)
A large amount of early struggles with some tribal leaders
Was able to reunite many of the tribes do to there allegiance to Islam
Once reunited, the Arab military swept across North Africa and into Europe

4. Victory to Victory
Conquered Great chunks of both the Byzantine and Persian Empires
Crossed into Europe at the Strait of Gibraltar in 711 A.D.
Pushed into France where they were stopped at the Battle of Tours in 732 A.D.
Siege on the capital city of the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople

5. Why were they able to Succeed
Weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empire
People of the Fertile Crescent saw them as liberators
Common faith Muhammad had given his people, Islam brought many Arab tribes together

6. Movements within Islam
Sunni (SOO nee)
Caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim Community
Sunni’s saw the Caliph as a leader, not a religious authority
Shiite (SHEE ite)
Caliphs should be descendants of Muhammad and son-in-law

7. Ali (Muhammad’s Son-in-law)
Became the forth Caliph
Was assassinated in 661 in a struggle for leadership, His son was later killed
Both along with many other Shiite’s were killed by Sunni’s
Division between Sunni and Shiite still exist today

8. Empire of the Caliphs Umayyad (oh MI ad) 661-750 A.D.
Capital in Damascus, Syria
Early Conquest which brought wealth to the Arab World
Much Economic tension between the “haves” and the “have not”
Hated by the Shiites because they were responsible for the deaths of Ali and his son

9. Empire of the Caliphs Abbassids 750 A.D. – 1258 A.D.
Disconnected Muslims found a leader Abu al-Abbas
Took over Damascus
Kills all of the Umayyad Family
Golden Age of the Muslim Civilization
Moved the Capital to Baghdad

10. Decline of the Caliphate
Around 850 AD divisions started to fragment the Arab Empire
Between a series of invasions added chaos

11. Seljuk's
Turks that took over much of the Fertile Crescent
Seljuk interference with Christian pilgrims led Pope Urban II to call for the First Crusade
Crusaders
1099 Christian warriors sent to take back the Holy Empire
Mongols 1216 Genghis Khan swept out of Asia and into Mesopotamia
1258 Hulagu Khan burned and looted Baghdad
1300s Timur the Lame lead armies into the Middle East