1. 1/13 Focus: 1/13 Focus: – Through conquest and social change, Charlemagne brought much of western Europe together in a single empire Important Terms: Important Terms: – Holy Roman Emperor Do Now: Do Now: – Explain why feudalism developed in Europe?

2. The Middle Ages The Frankish Kings

3. Impact of Germanic Invasions and Collapse of Rome Roman Empire replaced by small kingdoms throughout western Europe

4. Germanic Kingdoms Rome Loyalty to public government and law Germanic Tribes Loyalty based on family ties and personal loyalties Chiefs led bands of warriors who pledged loyalty to him Lived in small communities

5. The Franks Germanic tribe that controlled Gaul – France

6. Clovis I Frankish king – Part of the Merovingian Dynasty Converted to Christianity in 496 – Allied with the Catholic Church Took over Gaul Died in 511

7. The Franks Clovis I – Frankish King – Converted to Christianity in 496 – Allied with the Church Church supported military campaigns against other Germanic tribes Clovis converted other Germanic tribes to Christianity Church gains political power Ivory carving of Clovis converting to Christianity. He is being baptized by a bishop

10. Charles Martel Was a major domo in the Frankish Kingdom – “mayor of the palace” – very powerful advisor to rulers – commanded the army and made policy “Charles the Hammer”

11. Charles Martel Muslim invaders had moved into Spain – Wanted to spread Islam into W. Europe Martel defeats Muslim army (Moors) at the Battle of Tours in 732 AD Stopped the advance of Islam into Europe

12. Pepin the Short Son of Charles Martel Becomes King of the Franks in 751 Starts the Carolingian Dynasty – Family ruled from 751-987

13. Charlemagne Son of Pepin Ruled from 768-814 AD Built an empire that included modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy

15. Charlemagne Cooperation with the Church – Comes to the aid of Pope Leo III Papal States were under attack from Lombards – Territory in Italy under the Pope’s Control Defeats the Lombards Crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope Dec. 25, 800 AD Worked to spread Christianity

16. 1/12 Focus: 1/12 Focus: – Charlemagne was able to rule a large empire because of his strong personality, his powerful centralized government, and his effective military strategies. Do Now: Do Now: – Explain why Charles Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours is a significant historical event.

18. Charlemagne United large parts of Europe – Appointed nobles to rule parts of the empire Gave land in return for defense Early feudalism Established written code of laws Cultural Revival – Promoted education – Worked with monks to expand libraries and preserve ancient writings

19. Charlemagne Empire fell apart after his death in 814 – Europe falls back into disunity

21. Closure Identify two ways that Charlemagne sought to restore order in Europe