2.   In the previous units, for what reasons did civilizations/countries go to war? WHY FIGHT?

3.   First Crusade: 1095-1099  Second Crusade:1147-1149  Third Crusade: 1187-1192  Fourth Crusade:1202-1204  Fifth Crusade:1217-1221  Sixth Crusade:1228-1229  Seventh Crusade:1248-1254  Eight Crusade:1270  Ninth Crusade: 1271- 1272 The Crusades

4.  The Problem It belongs to the Jews, our temple of Solomon is there! No it belongs to Christians, Jesus was crucified there! No it belongs to Islam, that’s where Mohammed rose to heaven The Byzantine empire agrees with the Pope on this one, although we don’t follow him WHO DOES IT BELONG TO?

5.  BYZANTINE EMPEROR Alexios I  Doesn’t really get along with Pope Urban II, but needs the help in retaining power and land.  The Saracens (Islamic) were aggressively taking territories.  The Emperor asked the Pope for some knights to help settle things down before the capital, Constantinople, falls. THE PROLOGUE

6.   A Crusade has a number of benefits for the Roman Catholic church  The knights are sitting around fighting each other, Christians fighting Christians, this would give them something to do !  This would spread Christianity across the world and Urban II would be in charge of it!  Pope Urban is no longer the head of just the church but looks to become the “King” of a Christian Empire (like a religious monarchy) POPE or POLITICIAN?

7.   The Pope makes a motivational speech… THE POPE : It is God’s will that we go East and rid Jerusalem of the infidels!! THE MASSES: What are infidels? THE POPE: Any non-Christians. POPE URBAN II

8.   THE MASSES: Hey what about the 6 th Commandment? Thou shall not kill?  POPE URBAN II : Oh ya um just spoke to God and he says that only applies to killing other Christians, killing infidels is okay though.  This leads to the unnecessary slaughter of Jews and all non-Christians in the Empire before the Crusade has even begun. QUESTION?

9.  FACEPALM Ugh, that’s definitely not what I told you. This is one of the first examples of the Church manipulating their power and “God’s will” to achieve their own goals.

10.   THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM  To Recite the Creed  To Pray facing Mecca 5 times a day  To Fast during daylight hours during the month of Ramada  To give alms  To make pilgrimage to Mecca at least once SOMETIMES A 6 th PILLAR IS ADDED  To wage a JIHAD (a holy struggle), to defend the interests of the Muslim community THE PILLARS OF ISLAM

11.   Both sides perceive this as necessary…  CHRISTIANITY: Islam Empire is a threat to Christianity!  ISLAM: We must wage a Jihad, to lose Jerusalem is not in the best interests of our people! ISLAM vs. CHRISTIANITY

12.  Christian Approach THE POPE has called for a Crusade to Jerusalem and demands your help! 2 Legions from Gaul 2 Legions from Spain 2 Legions from Greece/Macedonia 2 Legions from Asia Minor

13.  Muslim Approach Word spreads across the Mediterranean that the Christians are on Crusade! Islam has raised a Jihad join the Saracens by providing 2 legions each 2 Legions from Northern Africa 2 Legions from Spain Combine with 4 Saracen legions

14.   KNIGHTS  A rank of great honor and distinction  Not a mere foot soldier or archer  Equipped with heavy weaponry, horses  Carried a banner with them into battle so his opponents could know he was there  Knights were rarely killed in battle, they were taken and ransomed, because that’s the chivalrous and noble thing to do Who are the Crusaders?

15.   The ceremony of being “knighted” is highly respected  The Knight to be must take an oath and agree to a Code of Chivalry that guides all Knights  Who invented it? CHARLEMAGNE  Still done today? Yes. Sir Elton John… Knighthood

16.   GOAL: Capture Jerusalem for Christianity  WHAT HAPPENED:  Baldwin – Takes Edessa for himself, puts previous Christian rulers head on a spit  Becomes King of Jerusalem even though no Christian was to call himself king in the land of Christ  Bohemond – Takes Antioch, Muslim rulers but had allowed Christians to continue their worship in the city  At Ma-arra Bohemonds men resort to cannabilism torture kill and cook innocent civilians  30 000 Muslims and Jews slaughtered in Jersualem Recap: The First Crusade 1096-1099

17.   RESULT: Mission Accomplished….but at what cost and FOR WHAT ‘REAL’ REASONS?  One of the biggest dark spots in history for Christianity… Recap (cont.)

18.  LEGACY

19.   Saracens (Islam) began trying to take back areas taken from them by the Christians  Second Crusade is called by a new Pope and they are successful in repelling the Muslim forces…  At the end of the Second Crusade, Jerusalem is still in the hands of the “Christians” The Second Crusade 1145-1149