1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Prokaryotes

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Domain Bacteria  Proteobacteria  From the mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes  Gram-negative  Largest taxonomic group of bacteria

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Alphaproteobacteria  Have prosthecae  Caulobacter: Stalked bacteria found in lakes  Hyphomicrobium: Budding bacteria found in lakes Figures 11.2b, 11.3

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Alphaproteobacteria  Plant pathogen  Agrobacterium: Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor Figure 9.19

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Alphaproteobacteria  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria  Azospirillum  Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants  Fix nitrogen  Rhizobium  Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants Figure 27.5, step 5

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Betaproteobacteria  Neisseria  Chemoheterotrophic, cocci  N. meningitidis  N. gonorrhoeae  Spirillum  Chemoheterotrophic, helical Figures 11.4, 11.6 N. gonorrhoeae

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Betaproteobacteria  Bordetella  Chemoheterotrophic, rods  B. pertussis - causes whooping caugh  Burkholderia: Nosocomial infections  Zoogloea: Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment processes

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Gammaproteobacteria  Pseudomonas  Opportunistic pathogens  Metabolically diverse  Polar flagella  Moraxella: Conjunctivitis Figure 11.7

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Gammaproteobacteria  Legionellales  Legionella  Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers  L. pneumophilia Figure 24.15b

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Gammaproteobacteria  Vibrionales  Found in coastal water  Vibrio cholerae causes cholera  V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis  Usually from undercooked shellfish Figure 11.8

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Gammaproteobacteria  Enterobacteriales (enterics)  Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic  Enterobacter  Erwinia  Escherichia  Klebsiella  Proteus  Salmonella  Serratia  Shigella  Yersinia

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Gammaproteobacteria Figure 11.9 Proteus mirabilis

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Gammaproteobacteria  Pasteurellales  Pasteurella multocida  Cause pneumonia and septicemia  Ex. Komodo dragon bite

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Deltaproteobacteria  Bdellovibrio: Prey on other bacteria Figure 11.10

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Deltaproteobacteria  Myxococcales  Gliding  Cells appregate to form myxospores. Figure 11.11b

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Epsilonproteobacteria  Helicobacter  Multiple flagella  Peptic ulcers  Stomach cancer Figure 11.12

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cyanobacteria  Oxygenic photosynthesis  Gliding motility  Fix nitrogen

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2H 2 O + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + O 2 2H 2 S + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + 2S 0 Figure 11.14 Purple and Green Photosynthetic Bacteria  Anoxygenic photosynthesis  Purple and green sulfur bacteria

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Firmicutes  Low G + C  Gram-positive

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clostridiales  Clostridium  Endospore-producing  Obligate anaerobes  Associated Diseases:  Tetanus C. tetani  Botulism C. botulinum  Gas Gangrene C. perfringens  Epulopiscium Figures 11.15, 11.16 Clostridium tetani

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bacillales  Bacillus  Endospore-producing rods  Human Pathogen:  B. anthracis  B. cereus Figure 11.17b

24. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bacillales  Staphylococcus  Cocci  S. aureus – produced many toxins & yellow pigment  Common cause of food poisoning Figure 11.18

25. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lactobacillales  Generally aerotolerant anaerobes, lack an electron-transport chain  Lactobacillus  Streptococcus  Enterococcus  Listeria Figure 11.19 Streptococcus

26. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mycoplasmatales  Wall-less, pleomorphic  0.1 - 0.24 µm  M. pneumoniae Figure 11.20a–b

27. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Actinobacteria  Mycobacterium  M. tuberculosis  M. leprae  Propionibacterium acnes  Streptomyces – produce many antibiotics Figure 11.21b

28. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chlamydias  Have unique life cycle  Chlamydia trachomatis  STD, urethritis

29. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chlamydias Figure 11.23a

30. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chlamydophila Figure 11.23b

31. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Spirochaetes  Borrelia – Lyme disease  Treponema pallidum - syphilis Figure 11.24

32. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bacteroidetes  Anaerobic  Bacteroides are found in the mouth and large intestine  Up to 1 billion per gram of feces

33. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Domain Archaea  Hyperthermophiles  Pyrodictium  Sulfolobus  Methanogens  Methanobacterium  Extreme halophiles  Halobacterium Figure 11.26

34. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microbial Diversity  PCR indicates up to 10,000 bacteria/gm of soil. Many bacteria have not been identified or characterized because they  Haven't been cultured  Need special nutrients  Are a part of complex food chains requiring the products of other bacteria  Need to be cultured to understand their metabolism and ecological role