1. THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE

2. NORTHERN RENAISSANCE  Italian Renaissance ideas quickly spread to northern European countries such as England, France, and Germany.  Spread by the rapid growth of cities and the concept of patronage.

3. SPREAD OF ART  As France invaded northern Italy, the wars resulted in a sharing of knowledge and art similar to the crusades.  Northern artists, architects, and philosophers studied in Italy and brought the ideas back home.

4. NORTHERN WRITERS  Northern writers started using their vernacular language to question many of the practices and teachings of the Church.  They desired to reform society.

5. CHRISTIAN HUMANISTS  Believed in a “Christianity of the heart” without ceremonies and rules and believed all people should study the Bible.  Promoted the education of women and people of all classes.

6. WOMEN’S REFORMS  Philosophers including women began questioning men and women roles in society.  Although minimal, there was a significant increase in educated women in society.

7. ELIZABETHAN AGE  The period in England from 1550 to 1600 when the Renaissance spread to England.  Queen Elizabeth was highly educated and promoted English art and literature during this period.

8. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  Most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age.  Shakespeare loved the classics and gave them new meaning and life through his plays.  His plays were famously performed at the Globe Theatre and became the basis for many modern day writers and filmmakers.

10. JOHANN GUTENBERG AND THE PRINTING PRESS  Using ideas from the Ancient Chinese, Johann Gutenberg developed the printing press in 1440.  It allowed for writing to be mass produced for the first time and produced quickly.  The first book printed on the press was the Bible.

11. LEGACY OF THE RENAISSANCE: ARTS  Art became more realistic.  Style relied on classical Greece and Rome.  Art began to depict more secular rather than religious images.  The use of vernacular languages became common.

12. LEGACY OF THE RENAISSANCE: SOCIETY  Information became available to a wider range of people.  There was a dramatic increase in the number of people educated.  Laws became more clear to people and the questioned their rights.  People all over began to question established political and religious structures.

13. VIDEO CLIPS  Gutenberg Bible: 2 Minutes Gutenberg Bible  Elizabeth and the Renaissance: 2 Minutes Elizabeth and the Renaissance