1. Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health

2. Unit Overview Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Expressed Emotion
Experienced Emotion
Stress and Health
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3. Theories of Emotion

4. Theories of emotions Emotion
Physiological arousal
Expressive behavior
Conscious experience
Moods - affective responses that are typically longer-lasting than emotions, and less likely to have a specific object.

5. Theories of emotions
Common-sense perspective
James-Lange theory

6. Theories of emotions
Cannon-Bard theory

7. Theories of emotions
Two-factor theory
Schachter-Singer

8. Theories of emotions

9. Embodied Emotion

10. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system
arousing
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calming
Moderate arousal is ideal

11. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

12. Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions
Different movie experiment

13. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions
Differences in brain activity
Amygdala
Frontal lobes
Nucleus accumbens
Polygraph

14. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion
Spillover effect
Schachter-Singer experiment
Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

15. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion
Influence of the amygdala

16. Expressed Emotion

17. Detecting Emotion Nonverbal cues Eyes and mouth are most revealing
Duchenne smile

18. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
women usually surpass men at reading emotional cues
Which gender neutral face looks more like a man?

19. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Women react more visibly to each film type.

20. Culture and Emotional Expression

21. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

22. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

23. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

24. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

25. The Effects of Facial Expressions
Facial feedback

26. Experienced Emotion

27. Experienced Emotion List 3 things that you FEAR.
List 3 things that make you ANGRY.
List 3 things that make (or could make) you HAPPY.

28. Fear Adaptive value of fear The biology of fear
Conditioning and observation
The biology of fear
Amygdala
Some fears fall outside the normal range

29. Phobias Agateophobia- Fear of insanity. Androphobia- Fear of men.
Bibliophobia- Fear of books.
Chorophobia- Fear of dancing.
Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns.
Ephebiphobia- Fear of teenagers.
Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8.
Peladophobia- Fear of bald people.
Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words.

30. Anger Anger Evoked by events Catharsis
Expressing anger can increase anger

31. Happiness
Happiness
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
Well-being

32. Happiness The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
Watson’s studies

33. Happiness Wealth and Well-Being

34. Happiness Wealth and Well-Being

35. Happiness Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison
Happiness and Prior Experience
Adaptation-level phenomenon
Happiness and others’ attainments
Relative deprivation

36. Happiness Predictors of Happiness

37. Stress and Health

38. Introduction
Health psychology
Behavioral medicine

39. Stress and Illness
Stress
Stress appraisal
Distress
Eustress

40. Stress and Illness The Stress Response System
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm
Resistance
exhaustion

41. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

42. Stress and Illness Stressful Life Events
Catastrophes
Significant life changes
Daily hassles

43. Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale

44. Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale

45. Stress and the Heart Coronary heart disease Type A versus Type B

46. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
Psychophysiological illnesses
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Stress and AIDS
Stress and Cancer

47. Definition Slides

48. Emotion
= a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

49. James-Lange Theory
= the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

50. Cannon-Bard Theory
= the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

51. Two-factor Theory
= the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

52. Polygraph
= a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

53. Facial Feedback
= the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

54. Catharsis
= emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

55. Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon
= people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

56. Well-being
= self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

57. Adaptation-level Phenomenon
= our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

58. Relative Deprivation
= the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

59. Behavioral Medicine
= an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease..

60. Health Psychology
= a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.

61. Stress
= the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

62. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
= Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

63. Coronary Heart Disease
= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.

64. Type A
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

65. Type B
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.

66. Psychophysiological Illness
= literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

67. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
= the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

68. Lymphocytes
= the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.