1. The Romantic Period

2. 1814: “Star-Spangled Banner” is written
1803: Louisiana territory purchased
1820: Slavery is prohibited in some new-gained territories
1804: Napoleon becomes emperor of France
1829: Steam locomotive is perfected in England
1838: “Trail of Tears

3. Slavery Question Democratic advances confined to white males
Slavery divided nation
Conflict between abolitionists and the advocated of state’s rights

4. Rising Industrialization
Factories sprang up
Telegraph gave almost instant communication across great distances
Factories took up child labor and unsafe working conditions
Woman’s rights protesting
1869- rail lines linked east and west coast

5. Westward Expansion 1845- most western state was Texas
Transportation steadily changing and improving
1824- Eerie Canal set a wave of canal building
1869- railroad began to dominate long distance travel

6. Culture, Customs, Inventions, and Fads

7. INVENTIONS Telegraph invented in 1844
Made instant communication across great distances possible
Many telephone companies started as telegraph services.

8. The telegraph facilitated almost instant communication across great distances.

9. The railway system dominated long-distance American travel.

10. Light bulb invented in 1879
1st light bulb burned for 13 ½ hours
Replaced gas lamps and candles in homes

11. First phonograph invented in 1857
Was limited in size
Could play stored music but not arbitrary sounds or live music

12. In 1810 Pete Durand invents the tin can
1813 opened the first commercial canning factory in England
1st tin can was so thick, it had to be hammered open

13. FASHION Woman usually wore longs skirts Hats and shawls were popular
Shoes not made for comfort. One shoe could fit both feet

14. Types of literature, Themes, and Characteristics of writing

15. *Poem: a composition in verse, especially one that is characterized by a highly developed artistic form and by the use of heightened language and rhythm to express an intensely imaginative interpretation of the subject
*Folktale: a tale or legend originating and traditional among a people, especially one forming part of the oral tradition of the common people
*Novel: a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length and complexity, portraying characters and usually presenting a sequential organization of action and scenes
*Short Stories: a piece of prose fiction, usually under 10,000 words

16. Characteristics of Writing
Simile: a figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two subjects using either like or as.
Metaphor: a figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else.

17. Symbolism: a literary movement during the nineteenth century that influenced poets. Symbolists turned away from everyday, realistic details to express emotions by using a pattern of symbols.
Point of view: perspective or vantage point at which the story is told.

18. Imagery: the descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader.

19. Reverence for the imagination over reason

20. Interest in the past

21. High regard for inner feelings and emotions; intuition over fact

22. Quest for individual to define himself

23. Nature inspires man to high ideals and is loved and respected

24. Authors

25. Washington Irving (1783-1859) Born April 3, 1783 in New York City
His father was a merchant
Irving was the youngest
Apprenticed to lawyer-1801
Passed ‘bar examination’ in 1806
Interest in writing promoted by brother, Peter
Best know works: Rip van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

26. William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)
Born November 3, 1794 in Cummington, Massachusetts
Son of Sarah Snell and Peter Bryant
Admitted to the bar in 1815
Entered Williams College at 15 (1810)
Married Frances Fairchild in 1821
Left school in 1811
Best known works: Thanatopsis

27. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) (A “Fireside” Poet)
Born February 27, 1807 in Portland, Maine
Second son
1825- graduated from Bowdoin college
1829- professor at Bowdoin
Smith Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard University
1831-Longfellow married Mary Storer Potter
1843-Marriage to second wife, Fanny Appleton
Best known works: Paul Revere’s Ride, The Courtship of Miles Standish, The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline

28. James Russell Lowell (1819-1891) (A “Fireside” Poet)
Born February 22, 1819 in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Graduated from Harvard University in 1838 and from Harvard Law School in 1840
First wife died in 1853
In 1857 he married Frances Dunlap
Best known works: The Biglow Papers, The Vision of Sir Launfal, and The Cathedral

29. Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) (A “Fireside” Poet)
Born August 29, 1809 in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Son of Sarah and Abiel Holmes
Studied at Phillips Academy from
Graduated from Harvard in 1829
Received his M.D from Harvard in 1836
Dartmouth professor from
Harvard professor from , six of which he was dean of the medical school
Best known work: “Breakfast Table” pieces and novels, Elsie Venner, The Guardian Angel, and A Mortal Antipathy
*He admitted that all of the above novels were “medicated”*

30. John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) (A “Fireside” Poet)
Born December 7, 1807 in Haverhill, Massachusetts
Two terms at Haverhill Academy (1827-8)
Little other formal schooling
Worked as a newspaper editor in first in Boston and then in Hartford, Connecticut ( )
Best known works: “The Barefoot Boy”, Snow-Bound, “Telling the Bees”, and “Barbara Frietchie”