1. Chapter 2  Individual differences exert a profound effect on job performance and behavior.  Key sources of individual differences on the job are personality, mental ability, values, and emotional intelligence.  An example of individual differences is the ability to concentrate on work.

2. Personality  Refers to persistent and enduring behavior patterns and tend to be expressed in a wide variety of situations.

3. 8 Major Personality Traits and Factors 1. Neuroticism (emotional stability) 2. Extraversion (need for social stimulation) 3. Openness to Experience (curious) 4. Agreeableness (courteous and friendly) 5. Conscientiousness (reliable) 6. Self-monitoring (saying what people want to hear) 7. Risk taking and thrill seeking 8. Optimism

4. Conscientiousness  The trait most consistently related to success on the job. Organization Self-restraint Persistence Goal orientation  When might it interfere with job success?

5. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator  Gathering Information Sensation type people Prefer routine and order Search for precise details Intuitive type people Prefer overall perspective Dislike routine Prefer to look for possibilities

6.  Evaluating Information Feeling type people Need to conform to wishes of others Thinking type people Rely on reason and intellect to problem solve Downplay emotion

7. Careers and the Four Problem Solving Styles Sensation/Thinking Decisive, dependable, alert to details  Accounting  Bookkeeping  Computer Programming  Manufacturing Tech. Sensation/Feeling Practical, analytical, methodical, conscientious  Supervision  Selling  Negotiating Intuitive/Thinking Creative, progressive, Perceptive  Systems design  Law, paralegal work  Middle management Intuitive/Feeling Colorful, people-oriented, Helpful  Customer service  Business  Communication  Human resources

8. Intelligence  The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.

9. Traditional Intelligence  Verbal comprehension  Word fluency  Numerical acuity  Spatial perception  Memory  Perceptual speed  Inductive reasoning

10. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence  Analytical School smart—can do math, language, problem solving  Creative Imaginative—can combine things in novel ways  Practical Common sense, wisdom, street smarts—can adapt environment to suit his/her needs

11. Multiple Intelligence Theory  Linguistic  Logical-mathematical  Musical  Spatial  Bodily/kinesthetic  Intrapersonal  Interpersonal  Naturalist

12. Emotional Intelligence  Refers to qualities such as understanding one’s feelings, empathy for others, and regulation of emotion to enhance living.

13. Four Factors of Emotional Intelligence 1. Self-awareness 2. Self-management 3. Social awareness 4. Relationship management

14. Value Definition  The importance a person attaches to something

15. Ethics  Moral choices a person makes

16. Value Stereotypes Baby Boomers 1946-64 Generation X 1961-80 Generation Y 1981-2002 Tolerates teams but values independent work Teamwork very important Strong career orientation Strives for work/family balance but will work long hours for now Strives for work/family balance Seeks long-term employment Will accept long- term job if situation is right Each job is a stepping stone to a better job in another company. Uses technology as necessary tool Techno-savvy Favors diplomacy Candid in conversation Ultracandid in conversation

17. Clarifying Your Values  Self-Assessment Quiz 2-3 Rank the values in order 1-20. Most important value = 1 Least important value =20 Write your own value for “Other”

18. Person-role conflict  When the demands made by the organization (or boss) clash with the values of the worker  Example: worker is told to portray competitor’s product as poor, when worker knows the product is very good  Example: worker leaves weight-loss company because they mislead clients into believing weight loss will be permanent

19. Values  Intangible, abstract Many values are a question of opinion, not a right vs. wrong statement Try to respect differences in values as a powerful way to avoid conflict.