1. Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 11 Intelligence James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

2. What is Intelligence?  Intelligence  ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

3.  Savant Syndrome  person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill  computation  Drawing  Music Intelligence Intro

4.  Social Intelligence  the know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully  Emotional Intelligence  ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

5. Intelligence Intro  Creativity  ability to produce new and valuable ideas  expertise  imaginative thinking skills  venturesome personality  intrinsic motivation

6. Intelligence Intro  Intelligence Test  assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes + comparing them others, using # scores

7. Intelligence Intro  Mental Age  measure of intelligence test performance (Binet)  child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8  Stanford-Binet American version of “mental age”

8. Intelligence Intro  Intelligence Quotient (IQ)  the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

9. Measuring Intelligence  Aptitude Test  a test designed to predict a person’s future performance  aptitude is the capacity to learn  Achievement Test  a test designed to assess what a person has learned

10. Measuring Intelligence  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)  most widely used intelligence test  verbal  performance (nonverbal)

11. Measuring Intelligence From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977 VERBAL General Information Similarities Arithmetic Reasoning Vocabulary Comprehension Digit Span PERFORMANCE Picture Completion Picture Arrangement Block Design Object Assembly Digit-Symbol Substitution

12. Measuring Intelligence  Standardization  defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested “standardization group”  Normal Curve  the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes  most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

13. Measuring Intelligence

14.  Reliability  Whether a test yields consistent results  Validity  the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

15. Measuring Intelligence  Content Validity  Whether a test samples the behavior that is of interest  driving test that samples driving tasks  Criterion  behavior (such as college grades) that a test (such as the ACT) is designed to predict

16. Measuring Intelligence  Predictive Validity  success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

17. Measuring Intelligence  As the range of data under consideration narrows, its predictive power diminishes Greater correlation over broad range of body weights 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Little corre- lation within restricted range Football linemen’s success Body weight in pounds 180 250 290

18. Differences in Intelligence  Mental Retardation  a condition of limited mental ability  indicated by an intelligence score below 70  produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life  varies from mild to profound  Down Syndrome  retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

19. Differences in Intelligence

20. Genetic Influences  The most genetically similar people have the most similar scores

21. Genetic Influences  Heritability  the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes  variability depends on range of populations and environments studied

22. Genetic Influences

23. Environmental Influences  The Schooling Effect

24. Group Differences  Group differences and environmental impact Variation within group Difference within group Poor soilFertile soil Seeds

25. Group Differences  Stereotype Threat  A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype