1. Spain’s Colonial Expansion into California 1769-1821

2. Spain arrives in the Americas

3. Cortez reached the Pacific Ocean Coast of Mexico

4. Spain explored the Pacific Coast of California 1539-1602 Sailing by CA, Spain claimed it as part of the Spanish Empire

5. When Spain claimed ownership of coastal California in 1542, the land was occupied by many Native cultural groups.

6. Following Vizcaino’s exploration of California in 1603, Spain did not return to California for 166 years ! 1n 1769, Spain decided to finally conquer and occupy Alta (Upper) California.

7. Leaders of the Conquest in Alta California 1769 Fr. Junípero Serra The Missions Gaspar de Portolá The Military

8. Spain’s Colonial Goal in Alta California To turn native Indians into loyal Spanish citizens and productive farmers. Obedience Christianity Spanish Language Spanish Values and Culture Farming Skills

9. The Conquest Strategy: 21 Missions, 4 Presidios, and 3 Pueblos

10. Diversity in Spanish California

13. California Missions Started by Spain 1769, 277 yrs. after Columbus Controlled by Spain 1769-1821 Controlled by Mexico 1821-1834 Mexico closed the missions in 1834, after 65 years US took control of the area in 1848 Missions closed 178 years ago.

15. Saints or Sinners ? Part 1 Part 2

16. Highly Positive Histories of the CA Missions

17. Negative Histories of the CA Missions