1. Section 1 “Spain Builds an American Empire”
Chapter 20
Section 1
“Spain Builds an American Empire”

4. The Voyages of Columbus
First Encounters
Genoese sea captain Christopher Columbus reaches America (1492)
Thinks he is in East Indies, calls natives “los indios” Indians
Actually lands on an island, probably in the Bahamas
Unable to find gold, he claims many islands for Spain

6. Columbus’ Four Voyages

7. Other Explorers Take to the Seas
1500-Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal
1501-Amerigo Vespucci travels the eastern coast of S. America in the name of Portugal. (continent was named after him)
1509-Ferdinand Magellan’s crew of Portugal circumnavigates the globe.

9. Vespucci’s Voyages

10. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

11. Spanish Conquests in Mexico
Conquistadors-(Spanish conquerors)
1519-Hernando Cortes, Spanish explorer, lands in Mexico
Cortes and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
1521-Aztec empire is conquered
Europeans superior weaponry
Many native Aztec die from European disease

13. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II

14. The Death of Montezuma II

15. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

16. Meeting of Cortes and Montezuma

17. Spanish Conquests in Peru
1532-Francisco Pizarro leads forces into Peru.
1533-Pizarro kills Inca leader Atahualpa and conquers the Inca.

18. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

19. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
Spanish men and Native women have children
Result is large mestizo (mixed heritage)
Encomienda system-Spanish force Native Americans to work for them

20. The Portuguese in Brazil
The land did not have much gold or silver
Portuguese settlers began clearing the forest land for sugar plantations
Great demand for sugar in Europe
Allowed Portuguese eventual wealth

21. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

22. Spain’s Influence Expands
Growth of Spanish Power
Conquests bring great wealth to Spain
Spain enlarges its navy to protect cargo treasures

23. Conquistadors Push North
1513-Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain
1540-Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores Southwest, finding little gold
Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest
Early 1600s, capital of Santa Fe established in Pueblo region

24. Opposition to Spanish Rule
Protests against mistreatment-
Catholic priests upset at how Native Americans treated
Spoke out against harsh patterns of labor

25. African Slavery and Native Resistance
1542-Spain abolishes encomienda system
Need for workers in mines and farms met with enslaved Africans
Some Native Americans resist Spanish conquerors
1680-Pope leads rebellion against Spain in modern day New Mexico
Spanish driven out, but return 12 yrs later