1. Department of Defense Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs: FY06 Overview
Klaus O. Schafer, MD, MPH, Brig. Gen., USAF (Ret.)
Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense
for Chemical and Biological Defense, DATSD(CBD)
National Defense Industry Association
Advanced Planning Briefing to Industry
April 25, 2005

2. ATSD(NCB) Organization
Secretary of Defense
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics
ATSD (NCB)
The portfolio of my activities includes oversight of
Nuclear matters – ensuring a viable deterrent force
Chemical and Biological Defense Programs – note the defense, not offense – JSLIST suits on TV and the masks you will or have worn during your summer training and a whole lot more
Chemical Demilitarization – eliminating 31k tons of CW safely
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)– direct support of the war fighter in WMD missions
When it is said and done, I am responsible for about $6 billion dollars worth of DoD programs, all with the common goal of protecting our men and women in uniform from weapons of mass destruction
Deputy
for
Nuclear Matters
Deputy for
Chem Bio
Defense
Deputy for
Chem Demil &
Threat Reduc.
Director
Defense Threat
Reduction Agency

3. ATSD(NCB) Mission Areas
Nuclear Matters
Chemical &
Biological
Defense
Chemical
Demilitarization
Here is a brief overview of the NCB office.
The deputy for chemical demilitarization and threat reduction is the single focal point responsible for the oversight, coordination and integration of the Chemical Demilitarization Program; the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternative (or ACWA) Program; Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Treaties; and Cooperative Threat Reduction efforts in the countries now referred to as the Former Soviet Union. 
The deputy for nuclear matters oversees and develops the plans for nuclear weapons safety, security and survivability as well as the survivability of material and systems relative to nuclear effects.
My deputy for chemical and biological defense provides oversight for the full-range of chemical and biological defense activities, from basic research through deployment of systems.
The Director of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) serves many functions, which I will address in a few minutes. However, a couple notable roles for DTRA are as the manager of DoD’s chemical and biological defense science and technology programs and prime integrator of WMD defense assets.
When it is said and done, I am responsible for about $6 billion dollars worth of DoD programs, all with the common goal of protecting our men and women in uniform from weapons of mass destruction
Defense Threat
Reduction Agency

4. Recent Strategic Guidance
Homeland Security Presidential Directive
(HSPD)-5, Feb 03
Our Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological defense efforts support several national strategies, not just one.
The traditional focus of the DoD CB defense program has been to protect the warfighter on the battlefield. Indeed, while the headlines have been focusing on the immediate threat of WMDs to our forces in Iraq, the threat of WMD use by other nations and from terrorists against the US and our interests remains.
Indeed, the line between threats to civilians and threats to the military has become increasingly blurred. This threat is further compounded by the proliferation of WMD technologies.
Operation Iraqi Freedom and post-conflict operations are types of the operations our military has traditionally trained for. In the coming years, our military can expect to adapt to changing threat, including radiological contamination, and the nature of the threat, including the potential use of WMD by terrorist and the use of these weapons within the United States.
"Armed with a single vial of a biological agent. small groups of fanatics, or failing states, could gain the power to threaten great nations, threaten the world peace. America, and the entire civilized world, will face this threat for decades to come. We must confront the danger with open eyes, and unbending purpose." President Bush February 11, 2004

5. BioDefense for the 21st Century: The President’s Pillars
Prevention & Protection
Proactive Prevention
Critical Infrastructure Protection
Threat Awareness
Biological Warfare Related Intelligence
Assessments
Anticipation of Future Threats
Surveillance & Detection
Attack Warning
Attribution
Response & Recovery
Response Planning
Mass Casualty
Risk Communication
Medical Countermeasures
Decontamination
The United States has pursued aggressively a broad range of programs and capabilities to confront the biological weapons threat. These actions, taken together, represent an extraordinary level of effort by any measure.
The United States will continue to use all means necessary to prevent, protect against, and mitigate biological weapons attacks perpetrated against our homeland and our global interests. Defending against biological weapons attacks requires us to further sharpen our policy, coordination, and planning to integrate the biodefense capabilities that reside at the Federal, state, local, and private sector levels. We must further strengthen the strong international dimension to our efforts, which seeks close international cooperation and coordination with friends and allies to maximize our capabilities for mutual defense against biological weapons threats.

6. Chemical Demilitarization & Threat Reduction (CD&TR) Mission
Oversight of Chem-Demil, Cooperative Threat Reduction, and NCB Weapons Treaties
DoD Treaty Manager for NBC Weapons Treaties
NPT, NTBTs, US-IAEA Safeguards, AP, FMCT, CWC, BWC
Oversight of DoD Nuclear Monitoring and Verification R&D Program
CD&TR’s Mission Helps DoD Fulfill its Part in the National Security Strategy in Three Key Areas:
Provides DoD Program Oversight of Chemical Demilitarization, Cooperative Threat Reduction, and with Planning, Implementation, and Compliance Monitoring of the Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Weapons Treaties
Serves as DoD Treaty Manager for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Weapons Treaties
Nuclear Test Ban Treaties (NTBT),
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)/IAEA Strengthened Safeguards Protocol
Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty (FMCT)
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)
Coordinates these programs within the Department, the interagency, and international organizations.
Chemical Demilitarization Program (CDP):
Established in 1985, by PL
ACAT ID Major Defense Acquisition Program
Mission includes Chemical Stockpile Disposal, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel, Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program
Director for Operations manages operational sites, PMECW manages sites not yet operational
2 sites (Colorado and Kentucky) managed separately by PMACWA
Key Messages:
Army is Executive Agent for DoD; responsible for safe destruction of nation’s stockpile of chemical agents and munitions
Army has safely destroyed over 26% of original stockpile (measured in tons of chemical agent) of the original amount of 31,500 tons (does not include 669 tons of non-stockpile materiel), which represents 39% of munitions
Army’s objective is to destroy U.S. stockpile of chemical agents, munitions and related non-stockpile chemical warfare materiel while ensuring protection of workers, public, and environment
Facts:
CWC requires complete destruction of chemical agents, munitions, and former production facilities by April 29, 2007, but allows for one-time up to 5-year extension
Stockpile is located at 8 sites: AL, AR, CO, IN, KY, MD, OR and UT
Stockpile consists of nerve and blister agents
Incineration is means of disposal at four sites: AL, AR, OR, and UT
Utah and Alabama incinerators operational, remaining sites undergoing systemization
Oregon and Arkansas facilities planned to begin operations in calendar year 2004
Johnston Island facility completed destruction in November 2000, closure completed in 2004
Neutralization is means of disposal at four sites: CO, IN, KY and MD
Maryland neutralization facility operational
Indiana facility planned to begin operations in calendar year 2004
Systems contracts awarded for Colorado and Kentucky facilities (managed separately by PMACWA)
Life Cycle Cost Estimate currently $24.9 billion
Program has experienced delays due to political and operational issues resulting in protracted schedules and increased costs
Underground Nuclear Testing
Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility
(TOCDF)
Secretary of Defense Perry at an SS-24 ICBM Silo, Ukraine

7. Ukraine, Kazakhstan, & Belarus are Nuclear Weapons Free
CTR Scorecard
Ukraine, Kazakhstan, & Belarus are Nuclear Weapons Free
CTR Baseline
Current Cumulative Reductions
13300
2007
1473
831
442
228
829
728
936 48
194
2012
6574
7792
8567
577
477 18
146
787
420
543 28
766
485
139
150
472
609 32
1140
355
572
669
Warheads Deactivated
ICBM Silos Eliminated
ICBM Mobile Launchers Destroyed
Bombers Eliminated
Nuclear ASMs Destroyed
SLBM Launchers Eliminated
SLBMs Eliminated
SSBNs Destroyed
Nuclear Test Tunnels/Holes Sealed
ICBMs Destroyed
Current numbers as of 15 April 2005; projections as of 31 Dec 2004

8. U.S. Chemical Demilitarization FY06 President’s Budget
Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
R&D
Note: R&D is primarily for site engineering design and systemization.
MILCON
Procurement

9. Nuclear Safeguards Mission
Assist and advise SECDEF
International Nuclear Safeguards
Countering of Rad/Nuclear Devices
Enhance the Nation’s capability to counter proliferation of WMD
Mission
Support the ATSD (NCB) in providing assistance and advice to the SECDEF, the DEPSECDEF, and the USD(AT&L) with the Defense Department’s implementation of, and compliance with, National Security Policies on nuclear nonproliferation.
Assure DoD activities comply with U.S. nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards agreements;
Implement all agreements without compromising military capabilities, defense programs, or intelligence; and
Provide separate programs and budgets for implementation and compliance expenses.
Effective and efficient execution of this mission enhances the Nation’s capability to counter the proliferation of WMD.
Existing and prospective nuclear nonproliferation agreements:
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)
US-IAEA Safeguards Agreement (INFCIRC/288)
Additional Protocol (AP) to the US-IAEA Safeguards Agreement
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials (CPPNM)
Code of Conduct for Safety and Security of Nuclear Material
Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT)

10. Office of Nuclear Matters (NM)
Nuclear Weapons Council (NWC)
System Survivability
Stockpile Transformation
Focal point
for stockpile
management
activities
Emergency Response
Physical Security
As you can see, the ODATSD(NM) is responsible for a wide variety of activities related to nuclear weapons stockpile management, which includes the full range of activities related to the development, production, maintenance (upkeep) and elimination (disassembly and disposal) of all U.S. nuclear weapons.
The primary purpose of nuclear weapons stockpile management is to ensure high confidence in the safety, security, reliability and performance of U.S. nuclear weapons. This means that there must be a credible expectation that the weapons in the nuclear stockpile will detonate when and where they should and that they will not explode when or where they should not.
Among other things, the ODATSD(NM) is responsible for management oversight of the planning, coordination and execution of emergency response exercises, training and contingency planning. In addition, the ODATSD(NM) expects further activity in this area as the recently established Department of Homeland Security begins to increase its emergency response activities and seeks to coordinate with other governmental organizations with similar responsibilities.
Until the past few years, attention focused on nuclear weapons issues and concerns had been steadily declining in the absence of a major nuclear accident or incident and the “long peace” engendered by the Cold War. Recent events, however, have thrust nuclear weapons-related topics to the forefront of Presidential, Congressional, media and public attention once again. As a result of this increased interest, it has become necessary to provide information and to respond to a flood of inquiries from a wide variety of sources. The ODATSD(NM) supports the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs, as well as the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, the Deputy Secretary of Defense as well as the Secretary himself. All nuclear-related queries to these offices are usually directed to the ODATSD(NM). In addition, Congressional inquiries and reporting requirements, as well as the steadily increasing number of Freedom of Information Act requests are also directed to the ODATSD(NM), if they are at all related to nuclear matters.
The Nuclear Matters office has also been newly tasked with the implementation of actions required by the National Security Presidential Directive-28 (NSPD-28), regarding the Nuclear Command and Control System (NCCS) and nuclear weapon safety and security. Initial activities were aimed at identifying requirements and clarifying implementation actions with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration (ASD(NII)).
The Nuclear Matters is also responsible for a variety of other tasks associated with the new NSDP-28 requirements, including:
· DoD Nuclear Physical Security Roadmap and Nuclear Security Master Plan creation;
· PRP best practices research and analyses;
· Risk management program analyses and development;
· Physical security technology analyses;
· Strategic planning and joint programming guidance development;
· Nuclear physical security programming and budget analyses;
· Comprehensive program review;
· Mitigation strategy research and development; and,
· Red team analytical and operational analyses.
Weapons Surety
International Programs
OSD Functions
Information Management and Preservation of Expertise
Survivability Against Effects

11. Nuclear Weapons Council
Epicenter of DoD-NNSA Nuclear Deterrent Enterprise
Staff resides within NM
Focal point for activities to maintain US nuclear stockpile.
The ODATSD(NM) and its predecessor organizations have been responsible for staffing and managing the logistical and administrative support for the NWC since its inception in 1986.
The Nuclear Weapons Council (NWC) is a joint Department of Defense (DoD) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) organization established to facilitate cooperation and coordination between the two Departments as they fulfill their dual agency responsibilities for U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile management. Nuclear weapons stockpile management includes the full range of activities related to the development, production, maintenance (upkeep) and elimination (retirement, disassembly and disposal) of all United States nuclear weapons. The NWC serves as the focal point for activities to maintain the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile. The Council provides an inter-agency forum for reaching consensus and establishing priorities between the two Departments. It also provides policy guidance and oversight of the nuclear stockpile management process to ensure high confidence in the safety, security, reliability and performance of U.S. nuclear weapons. The NWC meets regularly to raise and resolve issues between the DoD and the NNSA regarding concerns and strategies for stockpile management.
The NWC staff, comprised of members of the ODATSD(NM) staff augmented by contractor support, is also responsible for the development, coordination and management of the interagency review and approval process for four Presidential-level stockpile management documents and Congressional reporting requirements. Over the past several years, the activities and responsibilities of the NWC have expanded to reflect recent events, and have resulted in enhanced scrutiny of the Council. In addition, both the Congress and the President have amplified their expectations of the Council’s performance with respect to its primary mission, to ensure the continued credibility of the nation’s nuclear deterrent. New nuclear initiatives, issues related to an ageing stockpile and concerns about the adequacy of the U.S. nuclear infrastructure have all resulted in additional responsibilities and activities associated with the Council. The ODATSD(NM) is the focal point for the continued maintenance of a safe, reliable and credible U.S. nuclear stockpile as well as the focal point for new U.S. nuclear initiatives to explore viable and effective stockpile transformation options to ensure continued credibility in the U.S. nuclear deterrent into the future.

12. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
PROL I
FERAT
ION
COUNTER
PROLIFERATION
MANAGEMENT
CONSEQUENCE
NON
National Strategy
to Combat WMD
DoD’s Expert for reducing WMD threats
Combat support agency
Center of excellence in combating WMD
DTRA’s mission stems from the White House’s National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction. DoD created DTRA to serve as the department’s center of excellence in reducing the threat of weapons of mass destruction. The agency brings its unique capabilities to the fight in the global war on terror.
DTRA uses a full spectrum of tools to carry out its mission.
The first tool is arms control, going to the source to inspect weapons of mass destruction under treaties, as well as working with front line states to stop cross-border WMD smuggling.
The second is cooperative threat reduction including dismantling former Soviet Union strategic weapons, weapon systems and their related infrastructure.
If cooperative threat reduction is not forthcoming, our third tool is technology development, giving us the means to “uncooperatively” dismantle WMD with advanced technologies, such as thermobaric weapons.
When chemical or biological weapons are used against our forces, the fourth tool provides new equipment to detect and defend troops against such weapons.
Finally, our fifth tool is combat support. This tool helps us provide the warfighter with WMD counter and defeat capabilities, as well as vulnerability assessments at U.S. installations worldwide, consequence management support for WMD incidents and accidents and support for our strategic deterrent.

13. Making the Critical Difference in DoD’s Combating WMD mission…
Full time focus
End-to-end approach
Synergistic RDT&E and support to operations
Warfighter focus
Agile, Efficient, Effective
DTRA has a fulltime focus on Weapons of Mass Destruction. Combating WMD is our rasion d’être – our reason for existence. Thinking and planning for WMD threats is not one of their missions…. It IS their mission!
DTRA believes that combating WMD must be met by a central strategy that leverages the full national capabilities of the US Government, academia, and the private sector, as well as that our of allies and friends, and is executed by synergistic partners.
DTRA’s RDT&E is focused on supporting the warfighter. DTRA’s innovative R&D supports Counterproliferation, Non-proliferation and Consequence Management.
DTRA doesn’t maintain large laboratories. They find and coordinate the experts throughout the world to develop solutions as much as developing the solutions “in house”. Industry opportunities for industry are identified on the DTRA web site.
DTRA develops, in concert with the Combatant Commands, operational concepts for combating WMD, as well as delivering to the warfighters products and tools that enhance their capabilities.
… Expertise and “one-stop shopping” for the warfighter
DTRA Business Opportunities:

14. DTRA’s Global Support to the Warfighter
National Capital Region
San Francisco, California
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Darmstadt, Germany
Kiev, Ukraine
Moscow, Russia
Votkinsk, Russia
Yokota, Japan
Almaty,
Kazakhstan
Mercury, Nevada
London, England
Tashkent,
Uzbekistan
Tbilisi,
Georgia
Baku,
Azerbaijan
Major Operating Locations (Headquarters at Fort Belvoir, Virginia)
Liaison Officers
DTRA's worldwide presence spans the globe, from Washington, D.C. to San Francisco, from Yakota, Japan to London, England (indicated on the map by the large black dots). DTRA is also working at the Chemical Demilitarization Facilities in Tooele, Utah, Umatilla, Oregon, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Newport, Indiana, Aberdeen, Maryland and Anniston, Alabama.
DTRA also provides on-site liaison officers to the following commands (indicated on the map by the smaller, red dots):
U.S. Pacific Command Camp H.M. Smith, HI
North American Aerospace Defense Command Peterson Air Force Base, CO
U.S. Northern Command Peterson Air Force Base, CO
U.S. Strategic Command Offutt Air Force Base, NE
U.S. Transportation Command Scott Air Force Base, IL
U.S. Central Command MacDill Air Force Base, FL
U.S. Special Operations Command MacDill Air Force Base, FL
U.S. Southern Command Miami, FL
U.S. Joint Forces Command Norfolk, VA
Joint Staff Washington, DC
National Guard Bureau Washington, DC
U.S. European Command Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany
U.S. Mission to NATO SHAPE, Belgium
U.S. Forces Korea Yongsan, South Korea

15. DTRA Budget: We use a mix of appropriated funds to execute our mission
Total Portfolio $2,749 M
Reimbursable, $38.9 M
O&M, $320.1 M
Procurement, $16.5 M
RDT&E , $409.3 M
- Includes WMD Defeat and WMD Defense Technologies
(DTRA managed)
$424.8 M
(Non-S&T)
$ M
CTR, $415.5 M
CBDP Total
$1,548.7 M
DTRA Total
$1,200.3M

16. Chemical and Biological Defense Critical Roles
Combating Weapons Of Mass Destruction
Installation Protection
The CB Defense Program has a mission to provide chemical and biological defense capabilities to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction (CbtWMD) effectively. CbtWMD capabilities are developed in the following areas: contamination avoidance, individual and collective protection, decontamination, medical countermeasures, and modeling and simulation.
In addition, the CB Defense Program has a role in combating terrorism and in supporting homeland security operations.
Combating Terrorism
Homeland Security Support

17. CB Defense Program FY06 Resource Allocation
Capability Areas
Homeland Defense includes:Installation/Force Protection Program and the WMD – CSTs
Other includes:ACTD Planning and Development; Anti-terrorism; Dugway Proving Ground RDTE funds; JRO, OSD, and PAIO management funds; and a slue of funding for Basic Research and Technology Transition
Total Funding FY06: $1.5B

18. WMD Defense Cooperative Focus Worldwide
In the WMD Defense arena, the US has formal partnerships throughout the world, primarily in Europe and Asia including Japan, Australia, and Singapore. This ranges from basic exchange of information to very broad ranging memoranda of understanding that permits wide ranges of activities.

19. Capabilities to protect the warfighter
Summary
S&T investment to counter diverse threats and prevent technological surprise
Capabilities to protect the warfighter
Homeland Security & Force Protection missions support need for capabilities-based defenses
The military’s role in protecting our nation’s security is vital. Their duty requires that they face risks as a result of nations and terrorists that continue to threaten the interests and security of the United States and our allies with chemical or biological weapons. The Department is committed to providing the best available protection to the men and women of the military in order to reduce the risks from these weapons, and ultimately to deter an adversary from using them.