1. Children of Coyote Population collapse in Alta California, 1769-1850 (Steven Hackel, Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis)

2. Mission San Carlos, earliest view

3. Mission San Carlos, 1875

4. Mission San Carlos, 1885

5. Prof. Herbert E. Bolton (1870-1953) at San Carlos, 1920 Bolton thesis: study the history of the Americas as a whole

6. Dancers at Mission San Francisco

7. Fray Junípero Serra, 1713-1784 (1787)

8. “Cloth of gold” vestments donated to Fray Junípero Serra by the Viceroy of New Spain (1770) for the Missions

9. Population: Mission San Carlos, 1770- 1828

10. Baptism occurred within a few days of birth; therefore the data are of good quality

11. Age and Sex of converts to Mission San Carlos, 1770-1808 almost half below age 15

12. Deaths always exceeded births: when “Gentile” baptisms ended, the mission population could no longer be sustained

13. Mortality by age and decade Note “low” mortality in first decade

14. Mortality quotients by single years of age and sex Of 1000 only 30% survived to age 11

15. Marital fertility by age and age at marriage: for a natural fertility population –rates are at most fecund ages are very low

16. Adult mortality ( 5 q x ) is extremely high. The data are accurate because there is little difference between optimistic/pessimist estimates

17. Population pyramid, 1780 Note relative absence of adult males

18. Population pyramid, 1800 what does the narrow base indicate?

19. Population pyramid, 1820 (absence of children 5-19 shows population in decline; note fewer females)

20. Population of Frontier territories of New Spain (to 1820) and Mexico (1830-40) YearBaja Alta CaliforniaTexas/Nuevo México 17904,076 8,59030,953 18005,75112,17234,087 18108,11717,25037,539 18208,15819,81750,225 18308,20022,76667,200 18408,24329,12089,912