1. SPANISH CALIFORNIA

2. “CALIFORNIA” Spanish lit.

3. Estevanico

4. Coronado

5. De Soto

6. 16 TH CENT West

7. CABRILLO 1542 San Miguel First Lit. interest

8. DRAKE English, 1579 Negative Too cold Natives Religious rituals “ghosts” Exchange

9. Vizcaíno 1602 Renamed

10. 160 yrs.+ Spain: no more Isolation Low status

11. SPANISH AMERICA Economics- produce wealth Convert natives Centralized control: no-democracy Difficult settle northern areas

12. SPAIN Politics+religion Diff. perspectives

13. José de Gálvez King’s deputy (1765) Russian threat Colonize Alta CA Unstable ? Assisted U.S.?

14. FRANCISCANS Fr. Junípero Serra Discipline, sacrifice Convert natives, acculturate them into settlers. ?: missions

15. Portolá

16. “SACRED EXPEDITION” First settlement San Diego: July 16, 1769 21 missions

17. PRESIDIO Defense

18. PUEBLO Agricultural town ?: food presidios 3

19. Felipe de Neve, 1781 El pueblo de nuestra senora la reina de los angeles de rio de porciuncula “our lady of the queen of angels” “Los Angeles” “Angeles” = city of angels?

20. Alta CA: desolate Early settlers: convicts ?: Settlers urban, not rural ignorance of area CA Indians

21. RACIAL HIERARCY “rationals” “irrationals”

22. MISSIONS Natives: happy, mission life preferred Questionable

23. Convert, save natives

24. LIFE Education Punishment Women Assault

26. RESISTANCE Many resisted Passive violence

27. MISSION? Mission period: 75% decline ??? Agriculture Indio labor

28. PEOPLE Majority: mixed Half families L.A.: part African

29. SOCIETY Patriarchal Scarce: Spanish women Mixing Rape, assault

30. Family: core

32. ALTA CA Little devel. 3000 non-Natives (1821) Private rancho??

33. POLITICS Governor Military Towns Local, self-gvt.

34. ISOLATION CA: fringe Ex-soldiers, criminals

35. Explore interior? Mission Soledad (30 miles in) Little inland

36. FOREIGNERS French English Observations?

37. RUSSIANS Nikolai Rezanov S.F., 1806 Concepcion Arguello, 15

38. REBELLION 1810-1821

39. CAUSE? Peninsulars vs. criolles Indigenous oppression Spanish legitimacy?

40. Philosophy? Enlightenment Other rebellions Taxation

41. MIGUEL HIDALGO Y COSTILLA Criollo Rebellious Priest Children “outcry against tyranny”

42. UPRISING: SEPT 16, 1810 Hidalgo: “Grito de Dolores” Revolt commences!

43. REPUBLIC OF MEXICO (1821)

44. CA Oblivious rebellion Backwater outpost

45. Garrisons, military loyal Spain

46. CA: 1810-1821 Little comforts - supplies from N. Spain Presidios/pueblos vs. Missions

47. SIGNIFICANCE? Spanish culture into 19 th ….and today Cities, architecture Language