1. Sensory, Physical, & Medical Disabilities EXC 7770 Dr. Susan Brown Kennesaw State University

2. Limitations adaptive devices attendance fatigue functional limitations medication/treatment effects pain

3. Sensory Impairments Visual Impairment Hearing Impairment

4. Prelingual deafness  onset before language development Postlingual deafness  onset after language development Conductive loss  air or bone conduction disruption Sensory loss  interference in inner ear or neural pathways Cochlea  primary organ of hearing  connects inner ear pathways to brain pathways

5. Levels of hearing loss Hard of hearing  35-70 decibel loss  Educationally - can learn language through hearing Deaf  greater than 70 decibel loss  Educationally - cannot learn language through hearing

6. Visual Impairment Visual functioning  use of residual vision Low vision  significant visual impairment but usable vision Partially sighted  20/70 - 20/200 vision  Educationally - requires large print

7. Visual Impairments Blind  20/200 or less vision  20 degrees or less field of vision  Educationally - requires Braille

8. Developmental maturation Cephalo-caudal (head to tail) Proximal-to-distal (central to peripheral) Gross-to-fine Physiological flexion (general bending at joints) to antigravity control Stability to mobility to skilled movement (Heller, Alberto, Forney & Schwartzman, 1996 )

9. Physical Impairments Muscular  Muscular dystrophy  Muscular sclerosis Skeletal  Arthritis  Osteogenesis  Scoliosis

10. Health Impairments Abuse Aids Allergies Asthma Cancer Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Hemophilia Hepatitis Sickle Cell Anemia

11. Congenital and Acquired Impairments Amputation/missing limbs Eating disorders Heart disorder Respiratory disorders

12. Neurological Seizures Spina Bifida Traumatic Brain Injury