1. Come avviene l’apprendimento della lettura?

2. developmental disorder: - a delay in the development which is out of keeping with the children’s general level of intelligence which is not associated with a gross hearing loss or any overt neurological condition, and which is associated with a normal usage of the language available to the child, - persistent failure to advance to the next step in the normal acquisition process (Frith, 1985)

3. - logographic skills - alphabetic skills - orthographic skills The three strategies are hypothesized to follow each other in strict sequential order, Each one is assumed to capitalize on the earlier one: ”.... a breakthrough to the next phase of development occurs if there is a merging of the old and new strategy,”

4. - logographic skills: instant recognition of familiar words - role of salient graphic features, - no effect of letter sequence or of phonological factors - guessing on contextual and pragmatic cues

5. - Alphabetic skills: knowledge and use of individual phonemes and graphemes and their correspondence - crucial role of letter sequence and phonological factors; - enables to read novel and nonsense words (non necessarily correctly).

6. - orthographic skills: instant analysis of words into orthographic units without phonological conversion. - units coincide with morphemes? - analytic strategy - non visual

10. 0 50 100 Nov83 Jan MarMayJulSepNov 84 Date of testing Mean percentage errors Group A Error groups 1,2 & 4 Error groups 3 & 5

11. 0 50 100 Nov83 Jan MarMayJulSepNov 84 Date of testing Mean percentage errors Group B Error groups 1,2 & 4 Error groups 3 & 5