1. Celts Romans Anglo Saxons Normans
VY_32_INOVACE_14-18
British history
Celts
Romans
Anglo Saxons
Normans

2. Celts and Romans Pre-Celtic period (before 800 B.C.):
preserved monuments…
Celtic invasion:
from 8th century B.C.
in three waves:
Gaels (Ireland, Scotland), Britons (Engl. ,Wal.,Scot.), Belgae (Kent, s.-east Engl.)iron age begins, villages, towns are built………flourishing
Celtic language 
Roman invasion:
from 1st century B.C. until 5th century A.D.
55 B.C. G. Julius Caesar – defeated by British
43 A.D. – emperor Claudius: resisted…..revolts (Boudicca`s)
128 A.D. – Hadrian`s Wall
Britannia – Roman`s province
towns, roads built, London/Londonium – important center and harbour London Bridge/, palaces, baths, temples
Christianity
Latin 

3. Hadrian`s Wall Bath Autor: Glen Bowman, Název: Hadrians Wall 03.jpg
Zdroj:
Autor: Andrew Bunn, Název: Roman Baths, Bath.jpg
Zdroj:

4. Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
Anglo-Saxon invasion:
Germanic tribes - from 5th cent. until 11th century
Angles, Saxons, Jutes – cruel, burning villages…
revolts /king Arthur`s legends/
farmers, towns did NOT develop
burnt villages
language influence
Viking invasion
from 8th until 11th century /Danes, Norsemen/
seamen, good warriors and traders…revolt Alfred the Great…Danes defeated
English literature has started, schools founded
Winchester the capital
from tribal to feudal society, Danish king – Canute united Saxons and Danes = Viking Empire / Denmark, Norway/ 

5. Autor: Bogdangiusca, Název: Vikings-Voyages.png
Viking invasions
Autor: Bogdangiusca, Název: Vikings-Voyages.png
Zdroj:

6. Normans Norman invasion - Norman Conquest 1066
Edward III the Confessor- importance of London, W. Abbey founded – London the most important city
Norman invasion - Norman Conquest 1066
William the Conqueror –( , French) defeated Harold II (English)
battle of Hastings – 1066 ( last Anglo-Saxon king)
succesful invasion by French speaking Normans, coronation in Westm. Abbey
all A.-Saxon land confiscated  barons, higher position of noblemen
strong feudalism established (king´s power)
built: Tower of London + castles
Domesday Book – 1086, administration (sheriffs, free law, no church influence
language: French, Latin, English simplified – no cases or genders

7. Autor: Neznámý, Název: William the conqueror.jpg
Zdroj:

8. Norman kings and policy
Henry I, Stephen
House of Plantagenets:
Henry II ( )
inherited a French empire
reforms, Thomas Becket – Archbishop of Canterbury – church courts - assassination 1170 
Richard I – Lion Heart
John Lackland – lost Normandy
Magna Carta 1215
Edward I
regain a king´s power, wool – taxes – barons, bishops = H. of Lords = Parliament rebellions with Scotts (Will. Wallace, Rob. Bruce)
Edward II, Edward III
Hundred Years´War

9. Hundred Years´War 1337 - 1453 England versus France
English was winning in the beginning
Crécy 1346
1348 black death
1415 Agincourt
1428 Joan of Arc
1453 Chantillion
results:
En.- Fr. disaster
En.lost French posssesions
English language was strengthen – schools, courts, parliament

10. War of Roses House of York House of Lancaster results: 1453 - 1485
( white rose, better position by the king Henry IV)
versus
House of Lancaster
( red rose, better claim)
brutal war
results:
battle of Bosworth - Richard III killed
Henry VII married the Princess of Yorkpeace
beginning of TUDOR DYNASTY

11. Thank you for your attention.
Autor DUM: Mgr. Darina Sikorová