1. 1 3 rd Generation Wireless Network Presentation By: Dipesh G Kamdar Exam No: 5008 M.E.E.C. – (C.S.E) Sem-I LD College of Engineering

2. 2 Outline  Introduction to WCDMA  Why WCDMA ?  Evolution from 2G to 3G  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network  Radio Resources Management  Additional Briefs WCDMA V/s CDMA 2000

3. Introduction to WCDMA  Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) is a CDMA Channel that is four times wider than the current channel that are typically used in 2G Networks. 3

4. 4 Outline  Introduction to WCDMA  Why WCDMA ?  Evolution from 2G to 3G  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network  Radio Resources Management  Additional Briefs WCDMA V/s CDMA 2000

5. Why WCDMA ?  The significant increase in subscribers and traffic requires large BW. The answer to the capacity and BW demand is the provision of new spectrum and the development of a new technology – Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)  WCDMA was developed in order to create a global standard for real time multimedia services that ensured international roaming. 5

6. 6 Outline  Introduction to WCDMA  Why WCDMA ?  Evolution from 2G to 3G  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network  Radio Resources Management  Additional Briefs WCDMA V/s CDMA 2000

7. Evolution 2G to 3G Revolution 7 GSM CDMA 2000 WCDMA IS 95A IMT 2000 IS 95B GPRS EDGE

8. 9 Evolution : From 2G to 3G

9. 9  Fully specified and world-widely valid, Major interfaces should be standardized and open.  Supports multimedia and all of its components.  Wideband radio access.  Services must be independent from radio access technology and is not limited by the network infrastructure. Primary Requirements of a 3G Network

10. 10 Standardization of WCDMA Multiple Access MethodDS-CDMA Duplexing MethodFDD/TDD Base Station SynchronizationAsychronous Operation Channel Separation5MHz Chip Rate3.84 Mbps Frame Length10 ms Spreading modulationBalanced QPSK (downlink) Dual-channel QPSK(uplink) Complex spreading circuit Data modulationQPSK (downlink), BPSK (uplink) Coherent detectionUser dedicated time multiplexed pilot (downlink and uplink), common pilot in the downlink WCDMA Air Interface & Main Parameters

11. 11 Outline  Introduction to WCDMA  Why WCDMA ?  Evolution from 2G to 3G  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network  Radio Resources Management  Additional Briefs WCDMA V/s CDMA 2000

12. 12 WCDMA System Architecture USIM ME Node B RNC Node B RNC MSC/ VLR GMSC SGSNGGSN HLR UTRANCNUE External Networks Cu UuIu Iub Iur

13. 13 WCDMA Air Interface Wideband CDMA, Overview  DS-CDMA, 5 MHz Carrier Spacing,  CDMA Gives Frequency Reuse Factor = 1  5 MHz Bandwidth allows Multipath Diversity using Rake Receiver  Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) to offer Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) up to 2MHz  Fast (1.5kHz) Power Control for Optimal Interference Reduction  Services multiplexing with different QoS Real-time / Best-effort 10% Frame Error Rate to 10 -6 Bit Error Rate UEUTRANCN

14. 14 WCDMA Air Interface UEUTRANCN Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum User 1 User N Spreading Received Dispreading Narrowband Code Gain  Frequency Reuse Factor = 1 Wideband f f ff f f  VSF Allows Bandwidth on Demand. Lower Spreading Factor requires Higher SNR, causing Higher Interference in exchange. Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) User 1 Spreading : 256 Wideband ff User 2 Spreading : 16 Wideband ff

15. 15 WCDMA Air Interface UEUTRANCN Protocol Architecture

16. 16 UTRAN UEUTRANCN USIM ME Node B RNC Node B RNC MSC/ VLR GMSC SGSNGGSN HLR UTRANCNUE External Networks Cu UuIu Iub Iur

17. 17 UTRAN UEUTRANCN Node B RNC Node B RNC Iub Iur UTRAN RNS  Two Distinct Elements : Base Stations (Node B) Radio Network Controllers (RNC)  1 RNC and 1+ Node Bs are group together to form a Radio Network Sub-system (RNS)  Handles all Radio-Related Functionality Soft Handover Radio Resources Management Algorithms UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, Overview

18. 18 UTRAN UEUTRANCN Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces Application Protocol Data Stream(s) ALCAP(s) Transport Network Layer Physical Layer Signaling Bearer(s) Transport User Network Plane Control PlaneUser Plane Transport User Network Plane Transport Network Control Plane Radio Network Layer Signaling Bearer(s) Data Bearer(s) Derivatives : Iur1, Iur2, Iur3, Iur4 Iub Iu CS Iu PS Iu BC Functions of Node B (Base Station) Air Interface L1 Processing (Channel Coding, Interleaving, Rate Adaptation, Spreading, etc.) Basic RRM, e.g. Inner Loop Power Control

19. 19 UTRAN UEUTRANCN Node B RNC Logical Roles of the RNC Controlling RNC (CRNC) Responsible for the load and congestion control of its own cells CRNC Node B SRNC Serving RNC (SRNC) Terminates : Iu link of user data, Radio Resource Control Signaling Performs : L2 processing of data to/from the radio interface, RRM operations (Handover, Outer Loop Power Control) Drift RNC (DRNC) Performs : Macro-diversity Combining and splitting Node B DRNC Node B SRNC Node B DRNC UE Iu Iur

20. 20 Core Network UEUTRANCN USIM ME Node B RNC Node B RNC MSC/ VLR GMSC SGSNGGSN HLR UTRANCNUE External Networks Cu UuIu Iub Iur

21. 21 Summary System Architecture, Bearer Services, QoS Classes WCDMA Air Interface : Spread Spectrum, Transport Channels UTRAN : Roles of RNCs and Node Bs Core Network : Responsible for switching system USIM ME Node B RNC Node B RNC MSC/ VLR GMSC SGSNGGSN HLR UTRANCNUE External Networks Cu UuIu Iub Iur

22. 22 Outline  Introduction to WCDMA  Why WCDMA ?  Evolution from 2G to 3G  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network  Radio Resources Management  Additional Briefs WCDMA V/s CDMA 2000

23. 24 Radio Resources Management  Network Based Functions Admission Control (AC) Load Control (LC) Packet Scheduler (PS)  Connection Based Functions Handover Control (HC) Power Control (PC)

24. 24 Outline  Introduction to WCDMA  Why WCDMA ?  Evolution from 2G to 3G  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network  Radio Resources Management  Additional Briefs WCDMA V/s CDMA 2000

25. 25 WCDMA V/s cdma2000 Some of the Major Differences WCDMAcmda2000Remarks Spread Spectrum Technique 5Mhz Wideband DS-SS Multicarrier, 3x1.25MHz Narrowband DS-SS, 250kHz Guard Band Multicarrier does not requires a contiguous spectral band. Both scheme can achieve similar performance Chip Rates3.84Mcps3.6864Mcps (1.2288 per carrier) Chip Rate alone does not determine system capacity Frame Lengths10ms20ms for data, 5ms for control Response and efficiency tradeoff Power Control Rate1.5kHz800HzHigher gives better link performance Base Station Synchronization AsynchronousSynchronizedAsynchronous requires not timing reference which is usually hard to acquire. Synchronized operation usually gives better performance

26. Conclusion  The concept of a WCDMA adds flexibility in the 3G deployments, enhances system performance, and protects network investments through reuse of resources.  A WCDMA supports the growth of today’s services as well as the creation and growth of mobile services beyond voice, data, video.  In Short, WCDMA is the technology design to provide service of voice, data and video with the same handset that customer is using even on international roaming……. 26

27. 27 Key References  Key References WCDMA for UMTS  Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, 2nd Ed.,  Edited by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala Overview of UMTS  Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology Course S-72.238 : Wideband CDMA systems,  Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology WCDMA – Requirements and Practical Design  Rudolf Tanner and Jason Woodard3 GPP, Technical Specification Group  RAN, User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD), 3GPP TS 25.101 version 6.11.0, March 2006, available at www.3gpp.org GSM World  www.gsmworld.com

28. Thank You Questions ??? 28