1.  Elements of Communication Chapter 2 – pages 24-49 http://www.chsrf.ca/other_documents/ca rtoons/Communication.jpg

2. Key Terms  Channel  Connotative meaning  Context  Denotative meaning  Feedback  Noise  Nonverbal messages  Perception  Slang  Verbal messages

3. Essential Elements of Communication 1. Verbal messages 2. Nonverbal messages 3. Perception 4. Channel 5. Feedback 6. Context

4. Verbal messages  Messages that use words  Spoken or written  Includes choice of words and order of words  “Can you tell me how to get to the movie theater?”  “The AMC, where do I find it?”

5. Verbal Messages (cont)  To communicate effectively, a person must select the most precise words to get his or her ideas across.

6. Who’s on first?  1 st Base  2 nd Base  3 rd base  Left Field  Center field  Pitcher  Catcher  Shortstop Listen to the following Abbot and Costello comedy sketch, and see if you can identify the names of the baseball players for the following positions-

7. SEPT 12 2011  Chapter 2 notes – Day 2  Chapter 1, Chapter 2 and Communication Model Test = Monday, SEPT 19 th  Current Event Speeches = Tomorrow

8. Verbal Messages (cont)  When choosing which words to use, a speaker must consider the denotative meaning and connotative meaning.  Denotative = dictionary definition  Connotative = emotional response to words (usually positive or negative)

9. Connotative Meanings  Some connotative meanings are shared by a culture or society  Capitalism and democracy from American perspective  Capitalism and democracy from Chinese perspective

10. Connotative Meanings (cont)  Some connotative meanings vary by individuals  How do the connotative meanings of the word rose vary in these examples?  When Marissa was young, her father worked nights and rarely could make it to her dance recitals. When he could attend, he always bought her a bouquet of roses and took her to dinner to celebrate. These are some of her favorite childhood memories of her father.

11. Connotative Meanings (cont)  How do the connotative meanings of the word rose vary in these examples?  When Arianna was 8, she was in the hospital because of a head concussion. The doctors gave her many shots, and put her in many terrifying machines during the three days she was there. Many of her family members sent her roses and get-well cards. Now, when she sees a rose, she thinks about the shots and the machines in the hospital.

12. Language Evolves  Language changes over time  Clepe – to call  Score – twenty  Slang is informal language unique to a group  Slang changes frequently  Most difficult for non-members to understand

13. Language Evolves (cont)  New speakers bring elements of old language and add to the new  (Semi-) common words added to American English-also called loanwords  Zombie (African)  Tsunami (Japanese)  Attorney (French)  Literature (French)  Ghetto (Italian) Information from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.htmlhttp://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html

14. Nonverbal messages  Messages without words  How do you create messages without words?  Appearance  Facial expressions  Eye contact, posture  Gestures  Voice

15. Individual Perceptions  Perception – process of giving meaning to information you learn through your five senses  2 steps  Something affects your senses  You interpret and explain sensation

16. Individual Perceptions  You hear a friend say, “It’s about time you showed up.”  He sounds like he is growling  You interpret – _________  You hear a friend say, “It’s about time you showed up.”  He smiles as he says it  You interpret – ___________

17. Individual Perceptions  Each person perceives differently – that dress is “phat” or _______  Person A hears a joke  Person B hears an insult  Three major factors influence perception  Physical differences  Past Experiences  Present situation

18. Individual Perceptions  Physical differences  People’s senses differ  Near-sighted/far-sighted, difficulty hearing  Past experiences  Cultural knowledge, things that you have done or experienced in your life, interests  Present situation  How you feel mentally and physically at the time of the communication

19. Channels of Communication  Channel – the way that a message is communicated  You say something (sound)  Your facial expressions (sight)  Your smell (smell) {Did you remember your deodorant today? People receive messages from this}  Giving someone a hug (touch)  We rarely use taste to communicate – so don’t go licking strangers!

20. Channels of Communication  People often place greater emphasis on one channel over another  When we have trouble understanding a message, the difficulty is the result of noise  Noise – anything that interferes with a listener’s ability to receive a message

21. Channels of Communication  Examples of noise (Internal vs. External)  Daydreaming  Actual noise from TV, radio, etc  Reading/writing a text while someone is speaking  A headache  Boredom  Uncomfortable environment

22. Feedback  Feedback = the messages that a listener sends a speaker about how the communication is being perceived  Feedback is verbal and nonverbal  Feedback can be positive or negative

23. Feedback  Positive feedback  Tells the speaker that the message is being communicated clearly  Smile, nodding head, laugh, “Yeah!,” “That makes sense”  Negative feedback  Tells speaker that the message is unclear  Frown, raised eyebrow, questioning look, “What?,” “I don’t get it”

24. Feedback  Effective communicators respond and adapt to the feedback they receive  Positive feedback -> explain less, move through material more quickly  Negative feedback -> explain more, slow down, find different ways to say/explain things  Feedback differs by culture  Some cultures find it rude to make eye contact, for example

25. Feedback  Self-Feedback  Being aware of your behavior, and adjusting your actions and communication accordingly  Examples: Feel like you’re talking too much, or not enough; feel like you’re getting silly/angry/etc and monitoring yourself

26. Context  The setting and people that surround a message  Helps reveal message’s real meaning  Setting – how does the time, location, and occasion affect the message?  Dad has been working late this week, and not getting enough sleep. He comes home really late one night and yells at your younger brother for not tying his shoes, even though your brother doesn’t know how to tie his shoes. The time and the occasion help you to understand that Dad is upset because it’s late and he’s tired, not because he’s really mad at your brother.

27. Context  People are part of context  Who you are talking to, and who is around when you are talking, will influence what you say and how you say it

28. Activities  3 activity ideas…  Puppy, hot potato, balloon, baby, heavy box - Perception - only use body language  Personal space - change seating to awkward places - discussion on reactions and feelings  Pantomime - Catching a fish, preparing eggs - only using nonverbal

29.  Slang words you hear?  Situations where actions speak louder than words?