1. Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems Suk Yu Hui and Kai Hau Yeung City university of Hong Kong Presenter: Shuai Peng (William@camus.snu.ac.kr)

2. 2 Contents Introduction Overview of the Challenges Research Challenges  Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery Wireless System Selection  System Terminal Mobility Network Infrastructure and QoS Support Security Fault Tolerance and Survivability  Service Multi-operators and Billing System Personal Mobility Conclusion

3. 3 Introduction 2G – 2 nd Generation Mobile System  GSM, IS-95, cdmaOne  Low-bit-rate data 3G – 3 rd Generation Mobile System  Higher-data-rate service  New technology GPRS IMT-2000 Bluetooth WLAN HiperLAN  Independent systems, all have there own shortcomings  A single system is needed to replace all of them – 4G

4. 4 Introduction 4G – 4 th Generation Mobile System  Key Features from Users’ Point of View High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost Personalization Integrated services  All-IP based network – any system / any time / any where  Telecommunications services + data and multimedia services  Personalized service  Facilities for integrated services Challenge to Migrate to 4G  Mobile station  System  Service

5. 5 Contents Introduction Overview of the Challenges Research Challenges  Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery Wireless System Selection  System Terminal Mobility Network Infrastructure and QoS Support Security Fault Tolerance and Survivability  Service Multi-operators and Billing System Personal Mobility Conclusion

6. 6 Overview of the Challenges Mobile Station  Multimode User Terminals  Wireless System Discovery  Wireless System Selection

7. 7 Overview of the Challenges System  Terminal Mobility  Network Infrastructure and QoS Support  Security  Fault Tolerance and Survivability

8. 8 Overview of the Challenges Service  Multi-operators and Billing System  Personal Mobility

9. 9 Contents Introduction Overview of the Challenges Research Challenges  Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery Wireless System Selection  System Terminal Mobility Network Infrastructure and QoS Support Security Fault Tolerance and Survivability  Service Multi-operators and Billing System Personal Mobility Conclusion

10. 10 Research Challenges – Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals  Needs: terminals can adapt themselves for different wireless networks  Ideal solution: adopt the software radio approach  Challenge – current technology is not completely feasibility One antenna and one LNA cannot serve the wide range of frequency bands  Need multiple analog parts Existing ADCs are not fast enough  The fastest current ADC is still 2 to 3 orders slower Needs more interface functions for real-time execution  More functions cause high circuit complexity, high power consumption and dissipation

11. 11 Research Challenges – Mobile Station Wireless System Discovery  GSM – periodically broadcast  4G – more complicated because of difference in network and protocols Solution and Challenge  Scanning by software radio  Load required software for network  OTA (Over The Air) Free users from download Simplify network Management Long downloading time Slow downloading speed

12. Research Challenges – Mobile Station Wireless System Selection  Needs Select the optima network for the service needed Right network ensure QoS (Quality of Service)  Challenge Network change from time to time – complicated to select Adequate knowledge of networks is required to make the selection  Precise understanding of supported service  System data rates  QoS requirements  Communication costs  User preference

13. 13 Contents Introduction Overview of the Challenges Research Challenges  Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery Wireless System Selection  System Terminal Mobility Network Infrastructure and QoS Support Security Fault Tolerance and Survivability  Service Multi-operators and Billing System Personal Mobility Conclusion

14. 14 Research Challenges – System Terminal Mobility  Allows user to roam across networks  Solutions and Challenges Location management  Information about the roaming terminal  Original and current located cells  Authentication information  QoS capabilities Handoff management  System load, handover latency, package losses  Horizontal and Vertical handoff  Rea-time multimedia service  No latency!  Correct handoff time  Uncertain handoff times  Hard to design good handoff mechanisms

15. 15 Research Challenges – System Network Infrastructure and QoS Support  Background Non-IP-based system – Voice delivery  GSM, CDMA2000, UMTS IP-based system – Data service  802.11, WLAN, HiperLAN  For 4G – Integrating How to integrate? How to ensure QoS?  More and more systems are involved  Hard to guarantee end-to-end QoS  From provider to user

16. 16 Research Challenges – System Security and Privacy  Background 2G / 3G: different standards implemented for their unique feature Existing security schemes are inadequate for 4G  Challenge Key concern for 4G – Flexibility Should be applied to different technologies and devices  Varied capabilities  Varied processing powers  Varied security needs Fault Tolerance and Surivivability  One network fails, many other networks afffected

17. 17 Contents Introduction Overview of the Challenges Research Challenges  Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery Wireless System Selection  System Terminal Mobility Network Infrastructure and QoS Support Security Fault Tolerance and Survivability  Service Multi-operators and Billing System Personal Mobility Conclusion

18. 18 Research Challenges – Service Multi-operators and Billing System  Background Today’s system – a flat rate based billing system 4G – more comprehensive billing and accounting system  Challenge User subscribe to many services from many providers at same time New business architecture, accounting process and data maintenance Equalization on different charging schemes  One Single Billing Method Covers All

19. 19 Research Challenges – Service Personal Mobility

20. 20 Conclusion Introduction for 2G / 3G / 4G System Research Challenges  Mobile Station Multimode User Terminals Wireless System Discovery Wireless System Selection  System Terminal Mobility Network Infrastructure and QoS Support Security Fault Tolerance and Survivability  Service Multi-operators and Billing System Personal Mobility In My Point of View  Listed Framework for 4G System, Challenges and Possible Solutions  Further Research Needed into Specified Domain