1. SMJ 4222 Instrumentation (02 & 07) Dr Intan Zaurah Mat Darus

2. C23-226, Ext. 34693 intan@fkm.utm.my intanmd@yahoo.co.uk 016 7616716

3. Lecture 1 Introduction to measurement and instrumentation

4. What is measurement?

5. Measurement Standards and Units Measuring system are composed of different elements and condition therefore it needs norms and standards 3 unit systems widely used-International System (SI), CGS System, English System Basic units - length, time, mass, temperature Derived units –area, volume, acceleration, force

6. International System of Units (SI) The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to be mutually independent, as given in Table 1. SI base unit Base quantityNameSymbol lengthmeterm masskilogram kg timeseconds electric currentampereA thermodynamic temperature kelvinK amount of substancemolemol luminous intensitycandelacd

7. Derived Units - defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations. Examples are: SI base unit NameDerived unitsSymbol areasquare meterm2m2 volumecubic meter m3m3 velocitymeter per secondm/s acceleration Meter per second squared m/s -2 force m·kg·s -2 N pressure m -1 ·kg·s -2 Pa work m 2 ·kg·s -2 Joule

8. What is instrumentation?

9. Automotive Sensors Oxygen Sensor Airflow Sensor Water Temperature Oil Pressure Accelerometer CO Sensor

10. The need for measurement and instrumentation In industrial application, it is important for: 1) monitoring and control of a process 2) improving the quality of the product and efficiency of production 3) Safety purposes

11. Laser Sensor

12. Laser sensor

13. Typical Instrumentation System Transducer - converts the measured value into another useful value (a sensor) Signal conditioner- “conditions” the signal from the sensor A/D Converter - changes the signal into a digital format Computer - processes, displays, and records the signal Transducer Signal conditioner A/D Converter Display

14. Sensor Thermocouple Resistance thermometer Thermocouple inputoutput temperaturee.m.f input Resistance thermometer output temperatureResistance change

15. Signal conditioner Amplifier Wheatstone bridge input Amplifier Voltage change Small e.m.f Larger voltage input Wheatstone bridge output Amplifier Resistance change Larger voltage change

16. Display Scale Computer input current change scale output movement of pointer input analog signal DASVDU digital signal output readings

17. Temperature Control The Control System sets the current supplied to the heating elements in the furnace to keep the material temperature at the desired (setpoint) value. Desired Temperature Control System Furnace and Material Temperature Sensor

18. Water level system h

19. Assignment Identify the elements for the pressure measurement system i.e. : transducer, signal conditioner, display POINTER SCALE