1. 20081 Wireless Communications Lecture-4: Evolution of Cellular Communication Systems week 4- Semester-2/ 2008 Dr. Anwar Mousa University of Palestine International Faculty of Information Technology

2. 2008 2 Basically a linear enhancement of 2G systems. Basically a linear enhancement of 2G systems. Based on two parallel backbone infrastructures: Based on two parallel backbone infrastructures: 1. Circuit switched nodes, 2. Packet oriented nodes. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION THIRD GENERATION

3. 2008 3 This process of standard harmonization produced three modes of operation: This process of standard harmonization produced three modes of operation:  CDMA-DS (CDMA - Direct Sequence) based on UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)  CDMA-MC (CDMA - Multi Carrier) based on CDMA2000  CDMA-TDD (CDMA - Time Division Duplex) based on UMTS TDD MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION THIRD GENERATION

4. 2008 4 In general, A NEW GENERATION is defined by the result of technology changes over a 10–15 year time frame. In general, A NEW GENERATION is defined by the result of technology changes over a 10–15 year time frame. Thus, 4G refers to whatever is deployed in the 2010–2015 period, Thus, 4G refers to whatever is deployed in the 2010–2015 period,  assuming 3G deployment spans the 2000–2009 period. However, 3G is regarded by many as being "a bit of a flop“ However, 3G is regarded by many as being "a bit of a flop“  so telecommunications companies are planning to roll out 4G earlier (possibly as early as 2008). MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION FOURTH GENERATION

5. 2008 5 Typically, a new standard means a new air-interface with Typically, a new standard means a new air-interface with  higher data rates in the least,  change in the way data transport is handled end-to-end. The infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all- IP. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all- IP. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION FOURTH GENERATION

6. 2008 6 The system will also serve as an Open Platform where The system will also serve as an Open Platform where  New innovations can go with it Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are  WiMax, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access  WiBro, The Koreans alternative to 3.5G or 4G cellular systems  3GPP LTE 3G Partnership Project Long Term Evolution release 8 of the UMTS work-in-progress technologies such as HSOPA. (HSDPA, HSUPA) release 8 of the UMTS work-in-progress technologies such as HSOPA. (HSDPA, HSUPA) MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION FOURTH GENERATION

7. 20087 Contents : THIRD GENERATION SYSTEMS UMTS Main characteristics UMTS architecture UMTS Frequencies UMTS Location Based Services UMTS Security CDMA Overview CDMA Coding The spreading process WCDMA

8. 2008 8 3 Third-Generation Mobile Systems Main Features The main Features of 3G systems, known collectively as IMT–2000, are single family of compatible standards Characteristics: Used worldwide Used worldwide Used for all mobile applications Used for all mobile applications Support both packet switched (PS) and circuit switched (CS) data Support both packet switched (PS) and circuit switched (CS) data Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) Offer high spectrum efficiency Offer high spectrum efficiency

9. 2008 9 Standard Harmonization Standard harmonization produced three modes of operation: Standard harmonization produced three modes of operation:  CDMA-DS (CDMA - Direct Sequence) based on UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)  CDMA-MC (CDMA - Multi Carrier) based on CDMA2000  CDMA-TDD (CDMA - Time Division Duplex) based on UMTS TDD

10. 2008 10 UMTS -Main characteristics UMTS -Main characteristics  The most important IMT–2000 proposals are the UMTS (W-CDMA) as the successor to GSM.  To reach global acceptance, 3GPP is introducing UMTS in annual releases.  The first release (UMTS Rel. ’99), introduced in 1999, enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks. enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks.  The second release (UMTS Rel. ’00), enhancements for IS–95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with EDGE). enhancements for IS–95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with EDGE). UMTS includes both terrestrial and satellite systems to support universal roaming and global coverage. UMTS includes both terrestrial and satellite systems to support universal roaming and global coverage.

11. 2008 11 UMTS -Main characteristics cont… UMTS -Main characteristics cont…  The most significant change in Rel. ’99 is  the new UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA), a W–CDMA radio interface for land-based communications.  UTRA supports (TDD) and (FDD).  The TDD mode is optimized for public micro and pico cells  The FDD mode is optimized for wide-area coverage  Another newly defined UTRA mode, multicarrier (MC), established compatibility between UMTS and CDMA2000.

12. 2008 12 Evolutionary Concept

13. 2008 13 More than 60 3G/UMTS networks using WCDMA technology are operating commercially in 25 countries. More than 60 3G/UMTS networks using WCDMA technology are operating commercially in 25 countries.  Japanese operator NTT DoCoMo launched the world's first commercial WCDMA network in 2001. 3G/UMTS employs a 5 MHz channel carrier width 3G/UMTS employs a 5 MHz channel carrier width Operators are usually granted blocks of spectrum - typically ranging from 2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz. Operators are usually granted blocks of spectrum - typically ranging from 2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz. UMTS -Main characteristics cont…

14. 2008 14 UMTS supports the virtual home environment (VHE) concept. UMTS supports the virtual home environment (VHE) concept. UMTS supports four types of traffic: UMTS supports four types of traffic:  Conversational class (voice, video telephony, video gaming)  Streaming class (multimedia, video on demand, webcast)  Interactive class (web browsing, network gaming, database access)  Background class (email, SMS, downloading) UMTS -Main characteristics cont…

15. 2008 15 UMTS employs a Hierarchical Cell Structure UMTS employs a Hierarchical Cell Structure  Macrocells overlaying microcells and picocells.  Highly mobile traffic is operated on the macrocells to reduce the number of handoffs. UMTS –Data rates

16. 2008 16 Hierarchical Cell Structure

17. 2008 17 Offered data rate targets are: Offered data rate targets are:data ratedata rate  144 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor  384 kbits/s urban outdoor  2048 kbits/s indoor and low range outdoor UMTS –Data rates

18. 2008 18 UMTS –Data rates  The data rate supported by 3G networks depends on the environment the call is being made in

19. 2008 19 The UMTS architecture is split into: The UMTS architecture is split into:  Core (switching) network: performing switching and transmission functions. performing switching and transmission functions. contains the databases and network management functions. contains the databases and network management functions.  UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN): provides channel access to mobile users provides channel access to mobile users performs radio resource management and signalling performs radio resource management and signalling  User Equipment: based on the same principles as the GSM MS based on the same principles as the GSM MS Contains UMTS subscriber identity module card (USIM). Contains UMTS subscriber identity module card (USIM). UMTS architecture UMTS architecture

20. 2008 20 GSM network architecture

21. 2008 21 GPRS Architecture.

22. 2008 22 UMTS architecture

23. 2008 23  The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSM network with GPRS.  However, all equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation and services.  The Core Network is divided in circuit switched and packet switched domains.  Some of the circuit switched elements are (MSC), (VLR) and Gateway MSC.  Packet switched elements are (SGSN) and (GGSN).  Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, and AUC are shared by both domains.  Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, and AUC are shared by both domains. UMTS-Core Network

24. 2008 24  UMTS differs from GSM Phase 2+ mostly in the new principles for air interface transmission (W–CDMA instead of TDMA/ FDMA). (W–CDMA instead of TDMA/ FDMA).  The UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, based on W–CDMA )provides the air interface access method for User Equipment.  Two new network elements are introduced in UTRAN, 1. RNC (Radio Network Controller) The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which can serve one or several cells. The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which can serve one or several cells. 2. Node B UMTS- UTRAN

25. 2008 25  The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access System (UTRA) provides at least:  144 kbps for full-mobility applications,  384 kbps for limited-mobility applications,  2.048 Mbps for low-mobility applications. UMTS- UTRAN

26. 2008 26 UMTS- UTRAN

27. 2008 27 Existing network elements, such as MSC, SGSN, and HLR, can be extended to adopt the UMTS requirements Existing network elements, such as MSC, SGSN, and HLR, can be extended to adopt the UMTS requirements  but RNC, Node B, and the handsets must have completely new designs. Node B is the physical unit for radio transmission/reception with cells. Node B is the physical unit for radio transmission/reception with cells.  Depending on sectoring (omni/sector cells), one or more cells may be served by a Node B. UTRAN -Node B

28. 2008 28 A single Node B can support both FDD and TDD modes A single Node B can support both FDD and TDD modes It can be co-located with a GSM BTS to reduce implementation costs. It can be co-located with a GSM BTS to reduce implementation costs. Node B connects with the UE via the W–CDMA Uu radio interface Node B connects with the UE via the W–CDMA Uu radio interface Node B connects with the RNC via the Iub asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)–based interface. Node B connects with the RNC via the Iub asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)–based interface.  Node B is the ATM termination point. UTRAN -Node B

29. 2008 29 UTRAN -Node B.

30. 2008 30  UMTS terminals (User Equipment-UE) are multiband and multimode  so that they can work with different standards.  UE has many different types of identities:  International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)  Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)  Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI)  Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI)  Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN)  International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)  International Mobile Station Equipment Identity and Software Number (IMEISV) UTRAN-User Equipment

31. 2008 31  1920-1980 and 2110-2170 MHz (FDD, W-CDMA) Paired uplink and downlink,  Channel spacing is 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz.  An Operator needs 3 - 4 channels (2x15 MHz or 2x20 MHz) to be able to build a high-speed, high-capacity network.  1900-1920 and 2010-2025 MHz (TDD, TD/CDMA) Unpaired,  channel spacing is 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz.  Tx and Rx are not separated in frequency.  1980-2010 and 2170-2200 MHz Satellite uplink and downlink. UMTS-Frequencies

32. 2008 32 UMTS-Frequencies TX-RX frequency separation UTRA FDD frequency bands

33. 2008 33 UMTS networks supports location service features. UMTS networks supports location service features.  Identify and report in a standard format (geographical co-ordinates) the current location of the user's terminal  Make the information available to the user, network operator, and service provider. The location is to be used for lawful interception, emergency calls, etc., as well as the positioning services. The location is to be used for lawful interception, emergency calls, etc., as well as the positioning services. UMTS Location Based Services UMTS Location Based Services

34. 2008 34 Location Information consists of: Location Information consists of:  Geographic Location  Velocity (the combination of speed and heading )  Quality of Service information (response time) Specifications specify the following positioning methods : Specifications specify the following positioning methods :  Cell coverage based positioning method  Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA) method  Network assisted GPS methods. UMTS Location Based Services, cont…

35. 2008 35 OTDOA Location Method