1. 1 Are all types of exercise the same? Aerobic vs resistance vs combined Glycemic control, weight reduction

2. 2 218 middle-aged diabetic patients 22 wks Reid 2010

3. 3 18 morbidly obese diabetic Polynesians, 16 wk Sukala 2010

4. 4 18 morbidly obese diabetic Polynesians, 16 wk Sukala 2010

5. 5 DM patients, > 50 yo, 8 wk Resistance (Exp) vs aerobic (Con) Ng 2010

6. 6 DM patients, > 50 yo, 8 wk Resistance (Exp) vs aerobic (Con) Ng 2010

7. 7 48 diabetic men/women, 12 wk no difference across groups Jorge 2011

8. 8 48 diabetic men/women, 12 wk IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate-1 Jorge 2011

9. 9 DM patients, 39-70 yo, 22 wk Both aerobic and resistance exercise improve glycemic control, best when combined Sigal 2007

10. 10 DM patients, 16 wk Marcus 2008

11. 11 Combined ex on glycemic control in diabetes Oliveira 2012

12. 12 Aerobic or resistance ex on glycemic control in diabetes Oliveira 2012

13. 13 Review by Oliveira et al, 2012 combined exercise improve glycemic control to a greater extent than either ex alone. Supervised training sessions, recommended structured exercises, and splitting aerobic and resistance training in separate sessions may be relevant for best results. Future directions: different aerobic and resistance training modes different training and progression methods whether one type of exercise is optimal

14. Type 2 diabetes Combined aerobic exercise and RT, as well as aerobic along, > 2 times/week, at 60–85% HRmax Statistically significant ↓ in HbA1c, TG, waist circumference, SBP in type 2 diabetes NOT related to significant changes in weight or BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C When RT is NOT combined with other forms of exercise, NO effect in changes in HbA1c, SBP, CVD risk factors 14 Chudyk, 2011

15. 15 Overweight/obese male, >1 risk factor for MS, 6 months Potteiger 2012

16. 16 Overweight/obese male, >1 risk factor for MS, 6 months Potteiger 2012

17. 17 Sedentary women, 50-70 yo, avg BMI~26 walking vs swimming Cox, 2010

18. 18 Overweight Korean Adolescents, 12 wk similar effect in DO, AE, RT Suh, 2011

19. 19 Blood pressure during ex in middle- aged overweight female Circuit weight training Walking Jurimae 2000

20. 20 Blood pressure during ex in middle- aged overweight female Circuit weight training Walking Jurimae 2000

21. 21 Sedentary women, 50-70 yo, avg BMI~26 walking vs swimming Cox, 2010

22. 22 Sedentary, overweight dyslipidemic adults, 18-70 yo, 6 months, AT > RT Bateman 2011

23. 23 Sedentary, overweight dyslipidemic adults, 18-70 yo, 6 months, AT > RT Bateman 2011

24. 24 Overweight Korean Adolescents, 12 wk

25. 25

26. 26 Exercise types and reduction in visceral fat on OW and obese adults Effect: aerobic exercise > control (-0.33, 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.14; P < 0.01) Effect: resistance exercise = control (0.09, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.36; P = 0.49). Effect: aerobic exercise = resistance exercise (ES = 0.23, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.50; P = 0.07 favouring aerobic). aerobic + resistance exercise = control (-0.28, 95% CI: -0.69 to 0.14; P = 0.19) Aerobic exercise essential for reducing visceral fat Ismall 2012

27. 27 Ismall 2012

28. 28 Ismall 2012

29. 29 Ismall 2012 PRT: progressive resistance training

30. Recommendations combined interventions should not sacrifice an adequate volume of aerobic training for the inclusion of resistance exercise >150 min/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity 30 Ismall 2012

31. 31 endurance training (ET); mixed-intensity interval ET (MI-ET); circuit-interval resistance training (CRT) Clark 2010

32. 32 endurance training (ET); mixed-intensity interval ET (MI-ET); circuit-interval resistance training (CRT) Clark 2010

33. 33 13 obese men/women Clark 2010

34. 34 13 obese men/women Clark 2010