1. BA 3-23 What is the political belief that one ruler should hold all the power within a country? What is habeas corpus? Explain 2 commonalities and 2 differences in the Gunpowder Empires.

2. Absolutism in France and Russia SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions. a. Examine absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu

3. Louis XIV

4. Most powerful leader in French history Starts reign at 4 years old Proclaimed “I am the state” First ruled under Cardinal Mazarin's advisement Mazarin hated by nobles Increases taxes and centralized government Nobles rebel constantly and threaten king’s life

5. Louis XIV Mazarin dies, Louis XIV in full control Excludes nobles from government councils Creates intendants Intendants: government agents who collect taxes and sentence criminals Country’s wealth keeps most people happy

6. Palace of Versailles Splendid palace built by Louis XIV Built outside of Paris Requires 100’s of nobles to live with him Kept them dependent on the king Uses palace to boost art, literature, opera, and ballet Promotes arts that glorify French monarchy and values that support absolute rule

7. Palace at Versailles

9. Royal Bedroom

11. Hall of Mirrors

12. Emerging Problems in France Under Louis’ reign, France most powerful country in Europe largest population and strongest army Plan to conquer and gain more land Gain parts of Spain and Netherlands Louis constantly increases taxes to pay for wars France plunges into debt Years of bad harvests leads to starvation in France Louis XIV power abuse plagues heirs and eventually leads to revolution

13. Absolutism in Russia Starts under Ivan IV AKA: Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible crowns himself czar Czar: Caesar in Russian

14. Ivan the Terrible

15. Ivan’s Absolutism Activities Organizes secret police force to hunt down and murder people Ivan considered traitors Dressed in black and rode black horses Seizes estates and gives them to loyal nobles Killed his oldest son in a violent quarrel

16. 5 Problems in Russia before Peter’s Reign 1. Still had manor system and serfs Serfs forced to stay on land 2. Looked to Constantinople for leadership 3. Mongols cut off Russia from Renaissance and Exploration 4. Only seaport was frozen much of the year 5. Followed Eastern Orthodox Christianity Viewed Catholics and Protestants as heretics

17. Peter the Great

18. One of Russia’s greatest reformers Member of the Romanov family Rules Russia for 300 years (1613-1917) Believes Russia’s future depends on warm-water port Able to compete in trade with Europe Age 24: went to Europe to learn European customs and manufacturing techniques Dressed in plain clothes to not attract attention

19. Peter’s Reforms Uses westernization to compete militarily and commercially with Europe Westernization: using techniques of western Europe for change Ex: England & France Increases royal powers to force change

20. Examples of Absolutism Controlled Russian Orthodox Church Reduced land of large landowners Created heavy taxes to fund army 200,000 troops Raised women’s status (able to attend social events) Ordered nobles to wear Western clothing Opened schools of navigation, arts, and sciences Created port city of St. Petersburg in Swedish lands video video

21. Assignment Create a t-chart and compare the reign of Louis XIV with that of Peter the Great Write ½ page answering: Which ruler do you feel had a more lasting impact on his country? Explain why. Chapter 21 Louis XIV 598-602 Peter the Great 609-611

22. Class Activity With a partner or individually Create an informative brochure for absolutism. Include information on absolutism and key persons involved with absolutism in England, France, and Russia

23. Activity Imagine what it was like to be a visitor in Versailles. Write a diary entry in which the point of view of Louis XIV will be discussed. Mention how Louis XIV feels about his reign and his daily routine. Make sure to mention how Louis XIV wields political power in France.