2. The 1905 Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v- H1jBY7EVE

3. War with Japan In 1904 Russia went to war with Japan Tsar Nicholas thought victory would be quick

4. Tsar Nicholas was very unpopular However the Russian army kept being defeated Life for the working people got worse as the food supplies to cities broke down and factories ran out of raw materials

5. Bloody Sunday When? When? Sunday 22 nd January 1905 Who? Who? Hundreds of Petrograd (St Petersburg) workers in their best clothes take part in a peaceful march led by Father Gapon

6. What? What? March to Tsar’s palace led by priests to present him with a petition which demanded 8 hour days, a minimum wage, a parliament, equality, freedom of press/religion/assembly. When they reached the palace troops opened fire, 96 died 333 wounded (approx) Impact Impact = Convinced the people that Tsar no longer “Dear Father”, produced strikes and mutiny which led to 1905 Revolution

7. From Inside Russia From outside Russia Bloody Sunday Working conditions in factories Government reaction to protests No reforms Rising tax to pay for war with Japan No freedom or rights Ideas of Marx Military failure in war with Japan Western ideas of democracy from Europe The Revolution of 1905

8. Mutiny June 1905 the crew of the battleship Potemkin threw their officers overboard and took control of the ship This showed that Tsar Nicholas could not trust or control his military Mutiny = rebellion against commanding officers

9. The Peasants Rebel and the Workers Strike! In many areas of the country the peasants rebelled Landlords were murdered and farms burned In September a general strike began with factories, offices, shops and railways closing across Russia

10. Soviets To help run the strikes smoothly and keep order, councils called Soviets were established They soon became an alternative form of government which had the support of the people

11. October Manifesto Nicholas had to do something... In October 1905 he issues the October Manifesto This agreed to and elected parliament called a Duma to help run the country It also gave basic rights of free speech and freedom to form political parties The Liberals were happy, but others did not trust Nicholas to keep his word

12. By December Nicholas had changed his mind and members of the St Petersburg Soviet were arrested Fighting broke out across Russia and many died Bands of thugs called the “Black Hundreds” massacred the revolutionaries By March 1906 the revolution was over Elections for the Duma were held in March When they met for the first time Nicholas issued a set of Fundamental Laws: “1. To the Emperor of all the Russias belongs supreme autocratic power”

13. Summary Began with mutiny of sailors Peasants rebel in the country General strike across Russia of all workers Soviets established to run cities and keep order October Manifesto promises elected parliament and basic rights By December Nicholas changed mind By March revolution over after many deaths Fundamental Laws show that nothing has changed – Tsar still autocrat

14. Questions 1.Why did the war with Japan make the Tsar unpopular? 2.Do you think the decision to open fire on protestors during Bloody Sunday a sensible one? 3.Describe the events of the 1905 Revolution 4.What did the October Manifesto promise? 5.How successful was the 1905 Revolution?