1. Today’s Standard
10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.
Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States's rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.

2. Today’s Objectives
Discuss and evaluate the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles and how it could lead to WWI.
Evaluate the human and financial cost of war.

3. Chapter 11 Section 4
Making the Peace

4. Essential Question
What factors influenced the peace treaties that ended World War I, and how did people react to the treaties?

5. Costs of War Human Costs Millions of soldiers dead and more wounded
8.5 million in battle
Est. 21 million as a result of starvation and disease.
1918 – deadly influenza pandemic
Killed more than 20 million people

6. Aftermath of the Battle of Verdun
Financial Toll
Aftermath of the Battle of Verdun
Mass destruction of property from France to Russia
Homes, farms, factories, roads and churches – shelled to rubble
People felt bitter and wanted losers to pay reparations
Payments for war damage
Original caption: Aftermath Of Great War - Scenes In Berlin. The original German caption says 'A great friend of children distributing money & food gifts to Berlin schoolchildren.'

7. French War Losses
No other nation suffered a greater percentage of its population dead or wounded.
Of Frenchmen between 20 and 32 at the start of the war, more than 50% were killed.
Property damage in northern France
300,000 houses destroyed
20,000 factories ruined
1,360,000 head of livestock killed or confiscated
Bombing ravaged thousands of acres of forest and farmland.

8. The Allies Meet at Versailles
January 18, Paris Peace Conference at the Palace of Versailles begins
Delegates from 32 countries meet
Russia and Germany & its allies are NOT represented

9. The Big Four
Major decisions at Peace Conference were made by the Big Four:
Woodrow Wilson: United States
David Lloyd George: Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau: France
Vittorio Orlando: Italy

10. The Big Four

11. Allies Dictate A Harsh Peace
Britain & France concerned w/ national security
Determined to punish Germany
Compromises are made: Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919

12. Major Provisions of Treaty
League of Nations: 5 Allied Powers and 32 allied and neutral nations; Germany & Russia excluded; goal is everlasting peace
ruled by France
1871
Treaty of Frankfurt
Franco-Prussian War
ceded to Germany
ruled by German Empire
1919
Treaty of Versailles
restored to France
ruled by Third Reich
1945-present
Territorial Losses: Alsace-Lorraine & colonies in Africa & Pacific

13. Military Restrictions: reduced size of Germany’s army; restricted importing & manufacturing of weapons
War Guilt: Article 231; Germany was held solely responsible; had to pay allies $33 Billion

14. Creation of New Nations
Many new Independent nations were created – Germany divide
Austria-Hungary  Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia
Many nations created from former lands of Russia
Poland, Romania Estonia, Latvia, etc…

15. Peace Built on Quicksand
Many in US wanted to stay out of European affairs
Many in US rejected Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt = Bitter Germans
Many countries felt cheated b/c wanted independence or more land

16. A League of Nations One of Wilson’s 14 points 40 Nations joined
collective security
Keep world peace
40 Nations joined
Agreed to negotiate disputes
U.S. Refused to enter in the end – weakened the league
Very weak, no way to enforce decisions

17. Legacy of the War War on a global scale
About 8.5 million soldiers died; 21 million more wounded
Economic drain on Europe; total cost $338 billion
Countless homes, farms, & towns destroyed
Laid foundation for WWII

18. Wilson’s League of Nations
“Touch Not a Single Bough” from Literary Digest 8/9/1919

19. Wilson’s League of Nations
“Muzzled” from Literary Digest 9/13/1919

20. Wilson’s League of Nations
“The Rainbow” from Literary Digest 9/13/1919

21. Wilson’s League of Nations
“Blowing Bubbles” from Literary Digest 9/20/1919