1. REMEMBERING 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. Rain, floods, landslides, and Water-borne diseases are usually triggered by a tropical storm, hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone.

3. IMPACTED NATIONS Western Europe (France, Portugal, Spain), Caribbean (Haiti, Dominican Republic, Bermuda, Antigua, Montserrat, St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla, St Maarten, St Martin,…

4. IMPACTED NATIONS (Continued) St Barthelemy, Saba, and St Eustatius), Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador), Mexico, USA (Texas), The Philippines, …

5. SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 High winds, storm surges, and heavy rains affected tens of thousands. Thousands of homes without power, damaged, destroyed, or inundated. Thousands evacuated. Lives and livelihoods of millions adversely impacted. Efforts to stop Gulf oil leak and Clean up slowed

6. SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued) Infrastructure damaged and destroyed. $ billions in insured and uninsured economic losses.

7. WINDSTORM XYNTHIA FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010

8. WHAT WAS XYNTHIA? Xynthia, a violent European windstorm with winds up to 140km/hr, crossed Western Europe on 26–28 February 2010, and was the most violent storm since “Lothar” and “Martin” in December 1999

9. A powerful storm surge with waves up to 7.5 m (25 ft) high hit at high tide and smashed through a 200- year-old sea wall off France’s coastal town of L’Aiquillon-Sur-Mer

10. XYNTHIA: FLOODING IN FRANCE

11. Xynthia: 1) caused flooding, 2) cut power to more than 1 million homes in France and Portugal, respectively, 3) disrupted travel in Spain, 4) tore roofs off houses, 5) downed trees, 6) caused at least 51 deaths, and 7) caused losses estimated at $1.8 B ($1.4 insured).

12. The 2010 season was predicted to be less severe than 2009 in the Pacific Basin and more severe in the Atlantic Basin because of the diminished El Nino conditions

13. The Eastern Pacific is, on average, the second-most active basin in the world with an average of 16 tropical storms annually, with 9 becoming hurricanes, and 4 becoming major hurricanes, frequently impacting mainland Mexico and the Revillagigedo Islands, and infrequently the USA.

14. PACIFIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS – HURRICANES: 2010 AGATHA BLAS CELIA (H) DARBY (H) ESTELLE FRANK (H)

15. TROPICAL STORM AGATHA STRIKES GUATEMALA SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA ERUPTS FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION MAY 27-29, 2010

16. AGATHA’S PATH

17. Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak, but catastrophic storm that made landfall near the Guatemala-Mexico border on the evening of May 29.

18. Before the arrival of Tropical Storm Agatha, the Pacava volcano, located 25 km south of Guatemala City, started spewing lava and ash on Friday, May 28 th, forcing the evacuation of hundreds.

19. PACAVA ERUPTS: MAY 28

20. Agatha produced torrential rain all across Central America, which resulted in the death of one person in Nicaragua. 152 in Guatemala (with another 100 missing because of landslides), and 13 in El Salvador.

21. TORRENTIAL RAINS

22. SINKHOLE: GUATEMALA CITY

23. 66 FT WIDE AND 100 FT DEEP SINKHOLE

24. SINKHOLE

27. Sam Bonis, a geologist from Dartmouth, said that Guatemala City is sitting on a bed of old volcanic ash that has not completely lithified (turned into solid rock), and that he believed that the sinkhole was caused by leaking pipes underground.

28. Remnants of the storm were expected to deliver 10 to 20 in (25 to 50 cm) of rain over southeastern Mexico, Guatemala and parts of El Salvador, creating the possibility of "life-threatening flash floods and mudslides.”

29. HISTORY OF BLAS AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK

30. HISTORY OF CELIA AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK

31. HISTORY OF DARBY AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK

32. HISTORY OF FRANK AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK

33. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Alex (H) Bonnie Colin Danielle (H) Earl

34. TROPICAL STORM – HURRICANE ALEX: The first named tropical storm of the 2010 Atlantic Hurricane Season. JUNE 26 - JULY 1, 2010

35. ALEX STARTED AS A TROPICAL WAVE IN THE CARIBBEAN: JUNE 20

36. After forming on June 25, a tropical storm warning was issued for the east coast of Quintana Roo on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula and the east coast of Belize

37. In the central Caribbean Sea, the system produced heavy rainfall in the Dominican Republic that caused flooding and prompted the evacuation of more than 3,000 people.

38. TROPICAL STORM ALEX: LANDFALL AT BELIZE; JUNE 26

39. After making landfall in Belize and the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Tropical Storm Alex strengthened again as it entered the very warm waters of the Bay of Campeche.

40. On the evening of June 28, a hurricane warning was issued for the coast of Texas, south of Baffin Bay to the mouth of the Rio Grande, and by the Mexican Government from the Rio Grande south to La Cruz.

41. FORECAST: TROPICAL STORM- HURRICANE ALEX

42. Although waves and winds along Alex’s path slowed work to stop the BP Gulf Oil Spill, in its 71 st day of 107, the good news is that the storm did not push the oil landward faster or accelerate movement of the oil eastward into the Atlantic.

43. TYPHOON CHANTHU (Category 1) July 17-23, 2010

44. TYPHOON CHANTHU: A CAT 1 STORM

45. TROPICAL STORM COLIN August 3, 2010

46. TROPICAL STORM COLIN: FORMS ON WED, AUGUST 3

47. 25/08/2010S.MORA47 Hurricane Danielle TS Earl

48. 25/08/2010S.MORA48

49. 25/08/2010S.MORA49 TS Earl

50. 25/08/2010S.MORA50

51. 25/08/2010S.MORA51 Hurricane Danielle Tropical Storm Earl

52. COLIN, DANIELLE, EARL, AND POSSIBLE FIONA: AUG 28

53. DANIELLE, EARL, POSSIBLE FIONA, AND FRANK: AUG 28