1. 10/15/2015 1 Short-Range Radio Frequency Networking B. Ramamuthy

2. 10/15/2015 2 Purpose Study personal area network PAN and related standard in bluetooth Based on java.sun.com Bluetooth API overview, design and development.java.sun.com Bluetooth APIdesign and development Other sources: Colouris text and palo wireless bluetooth resource center.palo wireless bluetooth resource center Bluetooth.com source: Bluetooth.com

3. 10/15/2015 3 Introduction Bluetooth is protocol for short range, frequency hopping radio link between devices. Devices such as phones, PDAs, medical devices that are bluetooth-enabled. Based on Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band. Unlicensed and globally available. Originally from Ericsson; bluetooth named after a Nordic king instrumental in integration of Scandinavian countries.

4. 10/15/2015 4 Figure 3.18 A typical NAT-based home network

5. 10/15/2015 5 Figure 3.22 IEEE 802 network standards IEEE No.NameTitleReference 802.3EthernetCSMA/CD Networks (Ethernet)[IEEE 1985a] 802.4Token Bus Networks[IEEE 1985b] 802.5Token Ring Networks[IEEE 1985c] 802.6Metropolitan Area Networks[IEEE 1994] 802.11WiFiWireless Local Area Networks[IEEE 1999] 802.15.1BluetoothWireless Personal Area Networks[IEEE 2002] 802.15.4ZigBeeWireless Sensor Networks[IEEE 2003] 802.16WiMAXWireless Metropolitan Area Networks[IEEE 2004a]

6. 10/15/2015 6 Details Radio technology Protocol stack Interoperable profiles How does the technology work? How is the technology used? Sample APIs to work with bluetooth: javax.bluetooth; javax.obex (for object exchange)

7. 10/15/2015 7 Radio technology 2.5Ghz ISM band The bluetooth devices in a proximity form a piconet comprising a master and upto 7 devices. Piconets can connect, the master in a piconet can provide a bridge. Global and unlicensed.

8. 10/15/2015 8 Protocol Stack Protocol stack provides a number of higher level APIs for service discovery and serial IO simulation, lower-level protocols for packet segmentation and reassembly, protocol multiplexing and QoS

9. 10/15/2015 9 Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Radio Baseband Link Controller (LC ) Link Manager protocol (LMP) Host Controller Interface Firmware Bluetooth Host Controller Firmware + Hardware Host controller interface (HCI) Logical link control & Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) RFCOMM (serial port emulation) OBEX WAP UDP/TCP IP PPP Service discovery protocol (SDP) Bluetooth Host Controller Stack (software) Java API for Bluetooth wireless technology (JSR-082) Application

10. 10/15/2015 10 Typical application Scenarios Bluetooth application can be either server or client Peer-peer exposing both client and server functionality Application need not be in Java However J2ME-based devices can avail of the bluetooth API. Though we discuss Java-based API here, MS Vista has a WS based API for devices.

11. 10/15/2015 11 Application activities java.sun.com Bluetooth intro

12. 10/15/2015 12 Discovery

13. 10/15/2015 13 Bluetooth clients DiscoveryAgent support discovery of services and devices. Clients wanting to be notified should implement and register Discovery Listener interface.

14. 10/15/2015 14 Service/device discovery A similar sequence can be assumed for device Discovery. Services have a UUID There is LocalDevice And RemoteDevice APIs to control the devices.

15. 10/15/2015 15 Service discovery (contd.) Once the local device has discovered at least one remote device, it can begin to search for available services – Bluetooth applications it can use to accomplish useful tasks. Because service discovery is much like device discovery, DiscoveryAgent also provides methods to discover services on a Bluetooth server device, and to initiate service-discovery transactions

16. 10/15/2015 16 Serial Port The RFCOMM protocol, which is layered over the L2CAP protocol, emulates an RS-232 serial connection. The Serial Port Profile (SPP) eases communication between Bluetooth devices by providing a stream- based interface to the RFCOMM protocol. Some capabilities and limitations to note: Two devices can share only one RFCOMM session at a time. Up to 60 logical serial connections can be multiplexed over this session. A single Bluetooth device can have at most 30 active RFCOMM services. A device can support only one client connection to any given service at a time.

17. Serial Port Profile (SPP) 10/15/2015 17

18. 10/15/2015 18 Interoperable Profiles Profiles have been developed to manage cross-platform interoperability among different manufacturer’s products. They describe how implementations of user models have to be accomplished. Lets examine the bluetooth profile as provided by palowireless.

19. 10/15/2015 19 Profiles

20. 10/15/2015 20 How does it work? Bluetooth frame structure SCO packets (e.g. for voice data) have a 240-bit payload containing 80 bits of data triplicated, filling exactly one timeslot. bits: 7218 0 - 2744 Access codeHeader copy 1 Header copy 2 Header copy 3 Data for transmission bits: 311148 DestinationFlowAckSeqTypeHeader checksum Address within Piconet = ACL, SCO, poll, null Header

21. 10/15/2015 21 Server operation Construct a URL that indicates how to connect to the service, and store it in the service record Make the service record available to the client Accept a connection from the client Send and receive data to and from the client The URL placed in the service record may look something like: btspp://102030405060740A1B1C1D1E100:5

22. 10/15/2015 22 Client operation To set up an RFCOMM connection to a server the client must: Initiate a service discovery to retrieve the service record Construct a connection URL using the service record Open a connection to the server Send and receive data to and from the server

23. 10/15/2015 23 Uses of Bluetooth Some are from Accenture: Wiring the wired Locating lost items Activity sensing + auditing Environmental control Simple transactions Medical applications are unlimited