1. Lesson # 2 – Feudalism pp. 382- 391
Unit # 3 – Middle Ages
Lesson # 2 – Feudalism pp

2. Objective and Bell Ringer
Rome Falls
Feudalism Begins
Christianity Spreads
The Crusades are Fought
Trade Increases
Cities and Towns Grow
Objective and Bell Ringer
Bell Ringer: On new page, complete “Rome Falls” portion of the Flow Chart (see above if missed class)
Objective: Describe how loyalty was used as a means of survival
Homework: Further Thinking worksheet-Class
Feudal Name Game
Notes-Explaining Relationships & Feudal Pyramid
Notes-Costs and Benefit Analysis
Quiz – Fall of Rome and Feudalism next class
Homework: Read pp ; Use textbook link on wiki page

3. REVIEW-What was going on in Europe?
Rome fell
Why?
People are without a leader, a government, protection, or money
What should they do?
In order to protect themselves, they band together-manorial system
Hierarchy of Feudalism Chpt. 9 Animated Geography- Describe each level as you copy the organizer.

4. THE FEUDAL AND THE MANORIAL SYSTEMS
FEUDALISM
THE FEUDAL AND THE MANORIAL SYSTEMS

5. Feudal System Developed out of the need for protection from invaders
People wanted land and protection, and there was no central gov’t (Rome had fallen)
Nobles could no longer count on their king for protection, so they had to find a way to defend their own lands
Built castles for defense
Early castles built out of wood, later castles built out of stone
Needed trained soldiers for their own private armies, the most important of which were knights

7. Knight = highly skilled and heavily armored soldiers who fight on horseback
Being a knight was expensive – had to purchase weapons, armor, and horses
Knights demanded payment for their services
Wealth was based on owning land – main source of income since there was little trade
Most knights were paid with land for their services
Vassal = person who owes military service to a lord who has given him land
Fief = the land given to a vassal for service
Feudal system = the system of exchanging land for service

8. Feudalism
GIVES LAND LORDS VASSALS OWES MILITARY SERVICE

9. Feudal Obligations Idea of Vassalage
Vassalage came from Germanic society where warriors swore an oath of loyalty to their leaders
The relationship between a lord and vassal was made official by a public act of homage, such as swearing an oath of fealty, or loyalty, to one’s lord
This act of loyalty was at the heart of the feudal system
Feudal contract – set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between lord and vassal
Both the lords and vassals had responsibilities

11. Responsibilities of the vassal
Owed the lord military service – usually 40 days a year
Must promise to remain loyal to lord
Helped to advise the lord
Certain financial obligations, such as paying ransom for a captured lord and giving monetary gifts on the wedding of the lord’s eldest daughter and knighting of the eldest son
Responsibilities of the lord
Supported the vassal with a grant of land
Protected the vassal against enemies and in court
Treat vassal fairly and not demand too much of their time and money
Act as judge in disputes between knights

12. Knights Knights became the dominate part of warfare
Held great prestige and the institution of knighthood united the nobility
Young knight, with no responsibilities, participated in tournaments in which knights showed off their skills, with the joust being the main event

14. Chivalry = ideal of civilized behavior among knights and nobility
Knights were expected to:
Defend the Church and defenseless people (especially women)
Treat captives as honored guests (ransoming other knights = money)
Noble women could legally hold property, but they still remained under the control of men
The lady of the castle usually managed the large household, the estate, and the financial accounts
Usually when the lord of the castle was away, he left his wife in charge

15. The Manorial System
The feudal system was basically a political and social system
The manorial system was the heart of medieval economics
Built around large estates called manors
These manors were usually owned by wealthy lords and knights
These landowning nobles needed the leisure to pursue war and their feudal obligations – no time to farm
Instead peasants worked the lands of these estates

17. The Manor
Large estates owned by wealthy lords

18. Manor lords gave the peasants protection and plots of land for themselves and their families
In return, the peasants had to farm the lord’s land, along with other services
Most of the peasants were serfs
Serfs = peasants who are legally bound to the land, the manor on which they serve
They were not slaves (could not be sold), but they were not free to leave the manor or marry without the lord’s permission
Serfdom was hereditary
Serfs worked the lord’s land, helped maintain the estate, paid rent, and were under the lord’s control
The manor lord also had the right to try serfs in his own courts

19. Give land, protection Lord Peasant Farm the land

21. Feudal Name Game Find matching Terms pp. 382-386-Copy in notebook
loyalty to lord that required military service to be performed
person who gave land to a vassal
land given to a knight for his service
obligation of vassal to lord
person who accepted this land
medieval economic system associated with feudalism
high skilled soldier who fought on horseback
peasants on a manor

22. Explaining Relationships & Feudal Pyramid
Using the reading from the Feudal Name Game, explain how the three roles within feudalism were connected.
Lords
Knights
Serfs
Explain what each role provided to one another by copying and completing graphic organizer on next slide.

23. Explaining Relationships
Copy and complete the organizer below to show the relationship between
Lords, Knights and Peasants. What did each group give/take from one another?
Lords
Knights
Serfs
Lords gave knights…
Knights gave lords…
Knights gave serfs…
Serfs gave knights…

24. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Look at the different roles that existed during Feudal times on the next slide.
Write down the two roles that you feel are the most important and explain why.

25. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Role
Benefits
Costs
Lord
Admission closed (translation: born into it)
Danger of expulsion or assassination
Knight
Admission very limited
Danger of going to war
Priest
Admission limited; security, free from harsh physical labor of peasants
Chastity, church discipline, poverty
Monk
Admission limited, security
Chastity, personal and church discipline, poverty
Nun
Banker
High standard of living
Risky (because carrying money)
Trader
Freedom
Risky (many variables to run successful shop)
Freeman
Independence
No guarantee of protection, money
Serf
Safety
Loss of freedom, poverty

26. CONFLICTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES
THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR
AND THE WAR OF THE ROSES

27. THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR
Political instability was a problem of the late Middle Ages
The Hundred Years’ War was the most violent conflict during this period
It would last from 1337 until 1453
In 1328 the French king died without a son
His nephew was King Edward III of England (his mother had been the king’s sister)
Under French law, a woman could not inherit the throne nor a man inherit through a woman
He also had a cousin who had served as his regent

28. Edward felt that he was the rightful heir
The French decided that the regent was the rightful heir and he was crowned as Philip VI
Edward felt that he was the rightful heir
King Philip tried to gain back the duchy of Gascony, one of the last possessions that England still had in France
Due to all of this, Edward declared war on France and invaded with an army in 1337, starting the war
The war started out with a lot of knights who viewed battle as a chance to show of their skills
However, the Hundred Years’ War was a turning point in the nature of warfare
Peasant foot soldiers, not knights, won the major battles in this war

30. The French relied heavily on armed noble knights
Peasants were socially inferior
The English also used knights, but they relied more on large numbers of peasants, who were paid to be foot soldiers
English foot soldiers were armed not only with pikes, but also the deadly longbow
It had great striking power, long range, and a rapid rate of fire
The first major battle was at Crecy in 1346
The French followed no battle plan, just simply attacked
The English archers devastated the French knights

31. At the Battle of Agincourt (1415) 1500 French nobles died on the battlefield
The English won victory after victory and now controlled northern France
The English, under King Henry V, advanced all the way to the gates of Paris
The dauphin (heir to the French throne), Charles, didn’t own enough of France to be crowned as king
A French peasant girl named Joan of Arc came to the aid of France and her ruler Charles in 1429
She was born in 1412 to prosperous parents and was deeply religious
She believed that her favorite saints had commanded her to free France by leading the French into battle

32. Joan was captured in 1430 and turned over to the English
She made her way to court and Charles allowed her to accompany the army to Orleans
Joan’s army defeated a huge English army
She led the French in several more victories
Joan brought the war to a decisive turning point by inspiring people with her faith
Joan was captured in 1430 and turned over to the English
The English tried her for witchcraft and condemned her as a heretic
Joan was then burned at the stake
After her death, King Charles VII rallied his army and fought on

34. They defeated the English at Normandy and Aquitaine, finally winning the war in 1453
French success was helped by the use of gunpowder and the cannon

36. THE WAR OF THE ROSES
Civil war between the houses of York and Lancaster over the crown of England
The house of York had a white rose as their emblem
The house of Lancaster had a red rose
The crown will pass back and forth between the two families for several decades
The Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 ended the civil war and saw the crowning of a new king
Henry VII united the two houses by marrying a princess of the house of York and ending the war
Elizabeth was the daughter of the late Edward IV
Henry had her declared legitimate
Their son, Henry VIII, was heir to both houses

38. The Black Death
A devastating plague that ravaged Europe from 1347 to 1351
Not only Europe, but also China, Central Asia, and North Africa
Most devastating natural disaster in European history, with one-third of the population dying
The most common form of the Black Death was the bubonic plague
This was usually spread by fleas that lived on rats
Another form was called the pneumonic plague and it was spread through the air by personal contact

40. The Black Death was almost always fatal
Most historians think it started in 1346 when Mongol armies laying siege to a Black Sea port became sick with the plague
From there infected rats and fleas got onto ships
It usually followed trade routes
The Black Death was almost always fatal
First sign of infection was the development of large dark splotches on the skin
Other symptoms usually appeared, such as high fever, vomiting, and severe headaches
Most people died within a few days
Many people believed the plague was a punishment sent by God

41. The plague led to an outbreak of anti- Semitism (hostility towards Jews) and persecution was the worst in Germany
The death of so many people had numerous consequences: population declined and lowered the demand for food, which resulted in falling prices
Landlords were paying more for labor as their incomes decreased
This all started to bring the downfall of the manorial system

43. Houses in the cities were crowded together and tall enough that they blocked the sunlight
Streets were narrow and winding, and usually filled with animal and human waste
These cities were dirty and smelled bad
Fire was a great danger because houses were wooden
Disease and crime were also problems

44. Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
Collection of stories about pilgrims traveling to Canterbury, England depicting life in the Middle Ages during NormanConquest.
In your notebook, complete Reading Like a Historian p. R63

45. Homework: Further Thinking
Compare Feudal times to Modern day society