1. TEXTILES IN DEFENCE
Protective clothing

2. TEXTILE IN DEFENCE
Defense forces either at land sea or air are reliant on technical textiles
Textiles have to meat the following requirements for military applications
Physical requirements
Environmental requirements
Camouflage requirements
Flame heat and flash protection
Specific battle field hazards

3. Physical requirements for military textiles
Textile in defense
Physical requirements for military textiles

4. Specific battlefield hazards
Textile in defence
Specific battlefield hazards

5. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Protective clothing provide protection against
Dangerous material and process of their work
Work place or environment from the people
People from the people
Protects the products

6. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Function of protective clothing Cut and abrasion
Ballistic and impact resistance
Fire and extreme heat
Gas and chemicals
Nuclear and biological materials (not against nuclear beams)
Extreme cold
Static electricity
Foul weather and high visibility

7. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Materials
Fibres through yarn, woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics
Specialized coatings and membranes

8. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Combined protection and physiological functions
Stylish aspects of clothing
Ergonomics functions fit and comfort etc
Hold the body temperature at 37 C

9. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Most of the causes of casualties in a military conflict is not due to bullets but the fragments

10. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Providing protection to a person is not a problem but the problem is related to the weight, bulk, rigidity and thermo physiological discomfort Textiles are a good candidate for providing protection because of their low density and comfort Textile armor could provide protection against low velocity bullets and fragments but not high velocity bullets (5.62, 7.62 and 12.7mm calibre) and sharp objects

11. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Reduction in casualties by wearing a body armor
Troops standing in open threatened by mortar bomb

12. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Explosive ordnance disposable clothing weighing more than 15kg
Body armor weighing about 4kg

13. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Ballistics
Science of projectile movement
Projectile speeds up with explosion or reaction
Gravity and friction affect projectile path
Soft and hard ballistics

14. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
SOFT PROTECTION
Bullet proof vests
Fragment proof vests
Anti blow vests
Car armor
HARD PROTECTION
Bullet and fragment proof helmets
Bullet proof sheets
Puncture protection

15. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
HISTORY
Iron shirts used in middle ages
Total weight with the armor 35 kg
Steel helmets used in world wars increased the survival chances
Natural fibres used in these time but now the market is concurred by man made fibres

16. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Mechanism of protective clothing
Change of kinetic energy to deformation and thermal energy
Material of projectile
Hard core
Soft core
Soft core with lead
Soft core with lead and steel penetrator
Round or flat nose projectiles
play

17. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
VELOCITY AND ENERGY DEPENDS ON
Power of explosion
Length of the gun
Projectile stability
Distance and spin
Angle between the gun and the vest
Where the bullet hits the vest (middle of the vest or edges)
Climatic conditions (temperature and moisture)

18. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
HIGHER PERFORATING FORCE
Higher kinetic energy
Smaller cross section
Smaller point
Firmer (solid) material of the bullet
Faster it spins
Higher moisture
Protective clothing
Change the kinetic energy to deformation
Counter the shock

19. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
HOW BALLISTIC VESTS WORK
Bullet hits and penetrate through up to a or 5 layers
Friction between bullet and yarn decreases the speed
6 and 7th layer yarn is pulled out
Wave spread out along with the fibres depends on the velocity of bullets
Waves reflect from the edges of the vest

20. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
STANDARDS
Protection class 1 hand gun (9mm soft core bullets)
Protection class 2 sub machine gun (9mm soft core bullets)
Protection class 3 Soft core long rifle projectiles
Protection class 4 Hard core long rifle projectiles
Protection class ST bullets projectiles and knives

21. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
TRAUMA EFFECT
Stopping of bullets cause a bump
Depth of the bump is called trauma effect
Abrasion of skin and bleeding
Broken bones and ribs
Contusion of lungs
Deeper than 40 mm causes injury
Heart failure

22. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION

23. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Textile materials for ballistic protection
In order to arrest the flight of projectile in a short distance the fibres must have
High modulus
Very high tensile strength
Low elasticity

24. BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Different materials for ballistic protection

25. COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

26. COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
For the temperature less than -5 0C
Wind has an effect on the lowering of temperature
APPLICATION
Cold stores and rooms
Very cold laboratories
Outdoor working in cold countries
Unheated ware houses in winter

27. COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
CLIMATIC PARAMETERS
Temperature of air
Moisture in the air
Location
Wind velocity

28. COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
Keep body temperature at 37 C by providing thermal insulation not allowing the heat to go out of the system
Muscles can get flexed or tensed
Shivering effect
FUNCTIONS
To insulate the body against low temperature
To allow diffusion of water vapor

29. COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Thermal insulation of clothing
Air acts as best insulator
Air trapped by the textile fibres is very important as it will not allow the heat to go out
Textile fibres are good conductors of heat
Exchange of hot air with cold air from outside causes a person to feel cold

30. COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Phase change materials 
(PCM) are substances that absorb and release thermal energy during the process of melting and freezing. When a PCM freezes, it releases a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at a relatively constant temperature.
PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL (PCM)
Person produce 100 W energy at rest and 600 W while doing some hard work
Heat dissipated by evaporation of sweat, dry heat flow and respiration
Concept is heat could be stored and activated again
Some materials change phase i.e. from one state to another by absorbing energy and the temperature does not change during the time
Materials which can absorb energy and release it are termed as PCM
Quantity of energy stored and temperature change depends on the material