1. IGCSE Business Studies
2.1.1 The importance of a well motivated workforce

2. Learning Outcomes To be able to understand:
Why people work and what motivation means
To be able to understand and apply:
The concept of human needs – Maslow’s Hierarchy
Key motivation theories: Taylor and Herzberg

7. How can we define motivation?
So What is motivation???

8. Motivation… Some definitions

9. What’s the motivation?
What might have motivated these people?

10. Task
Can you think of a time when you (or someone else you know) really really wanted to achieve a particular goal?
What motivated you (them)?
Let’s get them written on the board

11. Why do people work and what makes them work hard once they’re there?
Motivation and Work

12. Why do people work?
Brainstorm as many reasons as you can

13. Increasing Worker Motivation
To get the best out of workers firms need to understand why people work and what might make them motivated to work harder.
Very Easy Question…….
What are the benefits to a business of having a motivated workforce?

14. Why is Motivation Important?
Higher productivity
Better quality work
Better customer service
Improved teamwork
Lower absenteeism
Lower labour turnover
These all lead to LOWER COSTS or HIGHER REVENUES and therefore
Higher Profits
Task: Can you analyse how? Write one sentence fully explaining ONE benefit of having a motivated work force

15. Task What does this picture mean?
What types of factors do you think would motivate employees to work harder?
Think of as many ideas as you can

16. The concept of Human Needs - Maslow

17. Abraham Maslow

18. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970) introduced the Neo-Human Relations School in the 1950’s, which focused on the psychological needs of employees.
Maslow put forward a theory that there are five levels of human needs
All of the needs are structured into a hierarchy
Once a level of need has been fully met, a person will be motivated by the opportunity of having the next need up in the hierarchy satisfied

19. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Research Maslow’s hierarchy and fill in your template
Include the name (or names) of each level and a description of what each level means
Students must have access to template either on paper or soft copy.

20. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Self
Actualisation
Needs
Esteem
Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Basic Needs

21. Maslow’s levels of Need
Basic Needs: We must satisfy our basic human needs to survive
Safety needs (security): Workers want to know that they won’t be made redundant and that their working environment is safe
Social needs: People want to be accepted as part of a group, like a family at home or a team in the workplace
Esteem needs: People want to feel that others respect them for what they can do
Self-respect is also important
Self-actualisation: The opportunity to achieve your full potential

22. Applying Maslow in the workplace
Which level of needs will each of these meet?
Applying Maslow in the workplace

23. Paying workers a fair salary
Which need?
Paying workers a fair salary

24. Giving an employee a promotion
Which need/needs?
Giving an employee a promotion

25. Having a staff Christmas party?
Which need/needs?
Having a staff Christmas party?

26. Employee of the month scheme
Which need/needs?
Employee of the month scheme

27. Providing protective clothing
Which need/needs?
Providing protective clothing

28. Task
How can employers aim to satisfy the needs at each level of the hierarchy?
Each group will take one need and brainstorm ideas:
Basic Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self Actualisation
House points for the best ideas.

29. The hierarchy of needs version 2.0????

30. Key Motivation Theories
Frederick Herzberg and Frederick Taylor
Key Motivation Theories

31. Frederick Herzberg: Two Factor Theory

32. Task
Let Frederick Herzberg introduce you to his thoughts on what motivates workers
Watch the video ‘Jumping for Jellybeans’

33. Questions: What are the 2 types of factors that Herzberg identifies?
What are some examples of these 2 factors?
What is the difference between movement and motivation?
What is job enrichment?
What is meant by KITA?

34. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Herzberg developed the idea of job satisfaction
In the right circumstances, people can get pleasure from their work
If people enjoy their work they will be MOTIVATED
Herzberg stated that MOTIVATION is different to MOVEMENT

35. The Two Factors
Herzberg said that there are two types of factors that affect workers motivation
Motivators
Hygiene Factors
Factors which if present will motivate staff
Relate to the work it’s self
Factors which will not in themselves motivate, but will demotivate staff if they are not present
Relate to working conditions
Also known as maintenance factors

37. Frederick W Taylor: Scientific Management

38. What Taylor thought…..
Famous for applying his principles of scientific management to the world of work.
Taylor was interested to see whether a job or work could be designed to increase efficiency.
He tried to break down tasks into smaller steps and look at exactly how production actually worked.

39. Task
Watch the video clip

40. Questions: What were Taylor’s core principles?
What were the benefits of Taylor’s approach?
What were the problems of Taylor’s approach?
What was Taylor’s view on pay?
What do you think Herzberg would think of Taylor’s principles?

41. Taylor’s Views…..
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1917) put forward the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His Theory of Scientific Management argued that workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control
Managers should break down production into a series of small tasks Workers should then be given appropriate training and tools so they can work as efficiently as possible on one set task.
He advocated Piece Rate Pay
Henry Ford adopted Taylors approach, as it increases productivity and reduces unit costs.
However workers soon came to dislike Taylor’s approach as they were only given boring, repetitive tasks to carry out and were being treated little better than human machines. Firms could also afford to lay off workers as productivity levels increased.

42. Motivation theories time line
Taylor’s Scientific Management
1950s
Herzberg’s Two Factory Theory
1940s
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

43. Homework
To what extent are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s 2 factor Theory similar in their approach to worker motivation? (12 marks)