1. Welcome to RAD TECH - A Introduction to Radiologic Technology Section# 8790 Tuesdays 4 – 7:10PM (FINAL) 1

2. RTEC A INSTRUCTOR MINA COLUNGA, B.S.,RT., C.R.T. Instructor, minacolunga@yahoo.com or mcolunga@elcamino.eduminacolunga@yahoo.com WEB page: www.elcamino.edu/faculty/mcolunga www.elcamino.edu/faculty/mcolunga 2

3. El Camino College 3

4. 4 RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY A HIGH TECH – HIGH TOUCH PROFESSION

5. WHY CHOOSE RADIOGRAPHY? Isn’t it dangerous? 5

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8. Is this a safe profession? Why do you want to do this? Why are you taking this class? 8

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10. Radiation is all around us 10

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12. 12 http://www.ncrponline.org/images/160_pi e_charts/Fig8-1.pdf

13. History of Radiology 13

14. Historical Perspectives –November 8, 1895: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered x- rays –German Physicist –University of Wurtzburg 14

15. Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 - discovered x-rays Working with Crooke’s vacuum tube –He found invisible rays were produced. –These new rays could go through skin and flesh –Give a picture of a person's bones. 15

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17. 17 X-rays – the Basic Radiological Tool Röntgen’s experimental apparatus - Crookes tube Taken 22 Dec. 1895

18. First Radiograph Anna Bertha Röntgen 30 minute exposure. 18

19. Collaborative Events Crookes tube –Air evacuated glass tube –Cathode side –Anode side –Electrical supply Screen or board painted with barium platinocyanide Low light work area 19

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21. “Willie Röntgen” Honored in 1901 with the first Nobel prize in physics for his efforts. 21

22. In the beginning….. 22

23. Early years in Radiologic Technology Nurses or nurses aides taught how to “take an x- ray” NO special education Only “ON THE JOB” training Experience the best teacher The first Technologist is credited to be EDWARD C. JERMAN. 23

24. An early therapy session 24

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27. In 30 years Developed from a technical trade to one of a professionalism Once thought that anyone could be trained to quickly = “push the buttons’ To now where it is considered a profession that requires analytical thinking and problem solving 27

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30. X rays began to be used in industry and medicine Years later, they noticed it can be harmful They could be harmful to: –living tissue – even cause cancer if the exposures were too great or too prolonged 30

31. Early signs of possible damage from Radiation exposure Skin dryness Erythema Ulcers formed 31

32. Acute: Ulceration 32

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35. Radiologic Technologists Practices RADIATION SAFETY TO SELF AND OTHERS 35

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42. HISTORY REVIEW Who is this? 42

43. HISTORY REVIEW Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 43

44. HISTORY REVIEW What did he discover? 44

45. HISTORY REVIEW He discovered x-rays 45

46. HISTORY REVIEW What were the series of events that led to the discovery? 46

47. HISTORY REVIEW 1)Crookes tube –With electrical supply 2) Screen coated with barium platinocyanide 3) Low light area 47

48. Accreditation, Certification, Registration, Licensing??? What is all that? 48

49. Accrediting Agencies for Schools (JRC’s) Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRCDMS) Joint Review Committee on Education in Nuclear Medicine Technology (JRCNMT) Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology 49

50. Individual Certification Take an exam Pay a fee You then get registered Nearly all hospitals require appropriate certifciation as a condition of employment. 50

51. National: Registry Agencies American Registty of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS) American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Nuclear Medicine Certification Board 51

52. State Licensing Agencies Vary from state to state List of individual state requirement can be obtained at www.arrt.orgwww.arrt.org Must provide proof of certification Fill out paperwork Pay a fee Sometimes take an exam 52

53. Certification vs. License ARRT –National certification R.T. –Must take an exam Pass with 75% –Can take this after completing program 53 CRT –State Licensing –Must pass ARRT or other equivalent national exam to get this –Pay fee to get radiography license (R) –Take fluoroscopy exam and pay a fee for (F) license

54. RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY It covers all of our individual disciplines. 54

55. RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY Radiography Mammography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality Management Sonography Radiation Therapy Bone Densitometry Vascular Sonography Breast Sonography Cardiac Interventional Radiography Vascular Interventional radiography Radiologist Assistant Nuclear Medicine 55

56. 5 Primary Certifications Radiography (R) Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM) Radiation Therapy (T) Sonography (US) (RDMS) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) 56

57. Post Primary Certifications Mammography (M) Computed Tomography(CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI) –Note: Both a primary and post- primary track Quality Management (QM) Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI) Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI) Sonography (US) or (RDMS) –Note: Both a primary and post- primary track Vascular Sonography (VS) Breast Sonography (BS) Bone Densitometry (BD) Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA) 57

58. MRI and Sonography are PRIMARY and POST PRIMARY 1)Can get formal education 1)On the job training 1)if you have a primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2)meet clinical requirements. 58

59. SALARY RANGES RT’s New R.T. (R) = $ 23 -$40 per hour –ON-CALL + O.T. $48,000 – $83,000 YR Advance disciplines R.T. (CT), (T), (NM), (S), (M), etc –$ 30 - $50 PER HOUR 59

60. Individual Disciplines of Radiology 60

61. Radiography : Primary Certification Mina Colunga R.T. (R) Mina Colunga Registered Technologist in the specialty of Radiography 61

62. RADIOGRAPHY Diagnostic Radiology –Technologist –Radiographer –Technician (Limited Licensure) –Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system,chest and abdomen 62

63. Diagnostic Radiology Portable (Mobile) Radiography Surgery Trauma Fluoroscopy (with contrast media) 63

64. All types of EXAMS & PEOPLE Infants Elderly All classes All ethnicity All backgrounds Head to toes Trauma Special procedures Critical patients Walk ins Surgery 64

65. Uses Ionizing Radiation to create images of the human body 65

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69. 69 Flouroscopy- xrays in motion

70. Fluoroscopy 70

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75. MAMMOGRAPHY (M) – Post- primary certification Mina Colunga, R.T.(R) (M) 1)Must have primary certification in radiography 1)On the job training to meet clinical requirements

76. Radiographic Imaging of the breast. 76

77. Bone Densitometry (BD) – Post primary certification 1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2) Meet clinical requirements 77

78. Bone Densitometry- measures mineral content and density of bones 78

79. Low Doses of Radiation 79

80. Computed Tomography (CT)- Post primary certification 80

81. Computed Tomography Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT) 1)Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2)Meet clinical requirements 81

82. CT SCANNER Uses –Radiation –Computer Rescontructs images –Some in 3-D 82 FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body. (Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)

83. C T SCANNER 83

84. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)- Primary and post primary certification Jennifer Smith R.T. (R), (MRI) 1)Formal education (primary) 2) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy. (post primary) 3) Meet clinical requirements (both) 84

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86. MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION Uses –Magnet field –radio waves 86

87. MRI SAFETY 1.Use non magnetic materials 2.Can cause harm to patient or employees 3.1 reported death from oxygen tank 1.6 years old 87

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90. Which one is MRI? CT? 90

91. Look for the signs…. 91

92. What are the differences between MRI and CT? CT Uses ionizing radiation Can be used on any patient Fast MRI Uses magnets and radiowaves Cannot be used on patients who have metal in their body Slow 92

93. Which is better? 93

94. What are the similarities between CT and MRI? 94

95. Angiography 95

96. ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection of contrast media 96

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98. Cardiac Interventional Radiography (CI)- Primary certification Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI) 1)Must have primary certification in radiography 2) Meet clinical requirements 98

99. Vascular Interventional Radiography (VI)- Post primary certification JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI) 1)Must have primary certification in radiography 2)Meet clinical requirements 99

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102. 102 NUCLEAR MEDICINE use radioactive isotopes to make images

103. Nuclear Medicine Mina Colunga R.T. (NM) ARRT or NMTCB certification –1-4 year programs 103

104. NM – Images collected after injections of a RADIOISOTOPE 104

105. The tracer travels into the blood vessels until it arrives to the bone 105

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108. Prostate cancer metastasized in bones 108

109. RADIATION THERAPY (T)- Primary certification Mina Colunga R.T. (T) The branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays or radioactive substances 109

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112. Radiation Therapy Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations 1-4 year program 112

113. 113 Sonography – Primary and post primary certification

114. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Jen Smith R.T.,(R) (S) or RT (S) or (RDMS) 114

115. 115 Determines depth Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected – as special crystal at the end of the transducer can determine the type of tissue

116. 116 Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS) “real time” images

117. ULTRASOUND 117 uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.

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121. U/S & the “real thing” 121

122. Breast Sonography Post Primary Exam Valuable for Technologists that specialize in Mammography 122

123. Vascular Sonography 123

124. Additional Opportunities Education Administration Management (QM) Commercial Radiologist Assistant = RA Sales Application specialist 124

125. Radiologist Assistant (RA) Still not widely accepted Must have a primary certification in radiography Must meet clinical requirements 125

126. 126 TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST = SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$

127. Other working opportunities… Registry (local) Registry (out of state) X rays taken around the world !! 127

128. Variety of Work Settings physicians offices, clinical outpatient facilities, free standing imaging centers, mobile imaging centers portable services to rehabs Mammo’s to under privileged areas Urgent care 128

129. Professional Societies ASRT – American Society of Radiologic Technologist CSRT – California Society Society of Radiologic Technologists RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of California International Societies, other state societies, other modalities 129

130. Questions ? Diagnostic Imaging Modalities 130

131. Types of Powerpoints 1)Complete lecture 2)Incomplete Lecture 3)Skeleton Lecture 131

132. Complete Lecture Everything is there You have to take few notes because you can refer back to it at a later date It’s your lucky day if you miss class Much like todays lecture Lecture goes fast- because you have all the information you need on the PP. 132

133. Incomplete lecture 1.Bits and ________ 2.Must __________to get all information. 3.You should _______ powerpoints, take_____ to fill in the spots missing or bring ________ or ___________. 4._________ is _____-pace giving you enough time to take ______ and ______ to lecture. 133

134. Incomplete lecture 1.Bits and pieces 2.Must attend class to get all information. 3.You should print powerpoints, take notes to fill in the spots missing or bring a laptop or digital recorder. – Don’t have to print entire PP only the sheets that need filling in – Or use the page numbers as a reference to which bullet points need to be filled in 4.Lecture is mid-pace giving you enough time to take notes and listen to lecture. 134

135. Skeleton Lecture Topics Note taking Class Speed 135

136. Skeleton Lecture Topics – The main points are listed Note taking – Elaboration of these topics will be given and you must take notes on these topics Class – If you are not in class you will not get the information unless you have a buddy that takes excellent notes Speed – Lecture is slower so that you can take notes better, concepts are reviewed and explained in more detail 136