1. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass1 N a m i n g C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a s Nomenclature Mr. Bass

2. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass2 Naming Formulas n Binary Compounds Binary Compounds – Metals bonded to nonmetals Metals bonded to nonmetals n Metals with only one oxidation number. Metals with only one oxidation number. n Metals with more than one oxidations number. – Modern Method Modern Method – Latin Method (Read Only) Latin Method – Binary Acids Binary Acids – Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal. Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal.

3. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass3 Binary Compounds n Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements. – A metal with a positive oxidation number (cation). – An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number (anion). n The first rule only applies to metals which have one oxidation number. n Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements. – A metal with a positive oxidation number (cation). – An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number (anion). n The first rule only applies to metals which have one oxidation number.

4. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass4 Metals bonded to nonmetals n Write the name of the positive element (metal) first. n Then write the stem of the negative element (nonmetal) with an “ide“ suffix. – Reminder: n Metals to the left of the step ladder. n Nonmetals to the right of the step ladder. n Write the name of the positive element (metal) first. n Then write the stem of the negative element (nonmetal) with an “ide“ suffix. – Reminder: n Metals to the left of the step ladder. n Nonmetals to the right of the step ladder.

5. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass5 Metals Nonmetals

6. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass6 Metals bonded to Nonmetals Examples: NaCl - sodium chloride CaI 2 - calcium iodide Li 4 C - lithium carbide Examples: NaCl - sodium chloride CaI 2 - calcium iodide Li 4 C - lithium carbide

7. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass7 Polyatomic ions: n Compounds with polyatomic ions: – Remember, polyatomic ions behave like one element. n Write the name of the polyatomic ion without changing its name. – If it is a cation it goes first in the name. – If it is an anion it goes second in the name. n It is important to recognize the polyatomic ions (memorize them!!!!). n Compounds with polyatomic ions: – Remember, polyatomic ions behave like one element. n Write the name of the polyatomic ion without changing its name. – If it is a cation it goes first in the name. – If it is an anion it goes second in the name. n It is important to recognize the polyatomic ions (memorize them!!!!).

8. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass8 Memorize Polyatomic List n MnO 4 -1 permanganate n OH -1 hydroxide n CN -1 cyanide n NH 4 +1 ammonium n Other polyatomic ions are on Table of Common Ions and pg 796.

9. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass9 Polyatomic Ions Examples: NaOH - sodium hydroxide MgSO 4 - magnesium sulfate CaCO 3 - calcium carbonate Examples: NaOH - sodium hydroxide MgSO 4 - magnesium sulfate CaCO 3 - calcium carbonate

10. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass10 Metals with more than one oxidation number. n There are two methods of naming these metals: – Modern Method (preferred method) Modern Method – Latin Method (Should be able to read) Latin Method

11. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass11 Modern Method n Students should be able to read or write chemical formulas using the modern method. n If the positive element has more than one possible oxidation number, its oxidation is shown as a roman numeral after its name. – Group 1 & 2 Metals all have just one oxidation number. – Check on the table of common ions to determine if there is more than one oxidation number. n If the name of an ion has a roman number by it there are more than one possible oxidation numbers. n Check in the book on pg 796.

12. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass12 Modern Method n E x a m p l e s : – PbO 2 - lead IV oxide – CuCl - copper I chloride – Au 2 O 3 - gold III oxide

13. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass13 Latin Method n Students should be able to read the latin metal names. – If the metal is in its highest oxidation state add the suffix –ic to the stem of the latin name for the element. – If the metal is in its next-to-highest oxidation state add the suffix –ous to the stem of the latin name for the element.

14. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass14 Latin Names of Elements n Students must memorize this list. – While there are others, these are the primary elements that we will use this method with. Ferrium = Iron Cupprium = Copper Stannium = Tin Ferric = Fe +3 Ferrous = Fe +2 Cupric = Cu +2 Cuprous = Cu +1 Stannic = Sn +4 Stannous = Sn +2

15. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass15 Reading Latin Names 1. Determine the oxidation number of the metal based upon the name. 2. Make the sum of the oxidation #s to be = 0. – ferric chloride – cuprous oxide – stannic cyanide Fe +3 Cl -1 3 Cu +1 2 O -2 Sn +4 (CN -1 ) 4

16. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass16 Binary Acids n Binary Acid: Hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal in an aqueous solution (aq). n Must be in an aqueous solution otherwise it is named as a metal bonded to a nonmetal.metal bonded to a nonmetal. n Use the prefix hydro- add the stem of the nonmetal and add the suffix –ic and the word acid. – This must be an aqueous solution!

17. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass17 Examples of Binary Acids n HCl (aq)hydrochloric acid n H 2 S (aq)hydrosulfuric acid n H 3 P (aq)hydrophosphoric acid n HCl (g)hydrogen Chloride n H 2 S (g)hydrogen sulfide n H 3 P (g)hydrogen phosphide

18. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass18 Nonmetals bonded to Nonmetals n Give the prefix- + stem of 1 st nonmetal and then prefix + stem of 2 nd nonmetal. – If the prefix for the 1 st element is mono, drop the prefix. n Oxidation #s are not used for this category of compounds!!!

19. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass19 Prefix Chart n mono = 1 n di = 2 n tri = 3 n quadra = 4 n penta = 5 n hexa = six n hepta = seven n octa = eight n nepta = nine n deca = ten CO 2 CO Te 2 O carbon dioxide carbon monoxide ditellurium monoxide

20. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass20 Naming Formulas n Binary Compounds Binary Compounds – Metals bonded to nonmetals Metals bonded to nonmetals n Metals with only one oxidation number. Metals with only one oxidation number. n Metals with more than one oxidations number. – Modern Method Modern Method – Latin Method (Read Only) Latin Method – Binary Acids Binary Acids – Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal. Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal.

21. Updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 Tim Bass21 Naming Chemical Formulas End