1. MINEO, Monitoring and assessing the environmental impact of mining in Europe using advanced Earth Observation techniques: Introduction to the UK Test Site Claire Cotton Stuart Marsh and Gisela Ager Remote Sensing British Geological Survey ccot@bgs.ac.uk

2. Talk Outline Context UK MINEO Site Overview - Geological Background - Hyperspectral Data Processing - Spectral Library - DEM Creation - GIS Modelling Next Steps Acknowledgements

3. Context A long history of mining in Europe has left a waste in various forms. Certain minerals present within this waste are harmful to people and the environment. Governments, and Industry need a cost effective way of mapping mine waste and prior to its remediation

4. Why remote sensing can help Minerals can be mapped remotely using hyperspectral airborne remote sensing Mine waste will contain characteristic minerals which can be mapped –Faster –Cheaper –Safer –Non-invasively

5. The MINEO Project MINEO is an EC 5th Framework R & D project The aim is to develop and test Hyperspectral data analysis tools in a European context –Focus on mine pollution rather than mineral exploration –Work in a populous, temperate environment, rather than an arid desert

6. Collaboration The project involves collaboration between seven European geological surveys, two mining companies, an environmental organisation and an EC research institute Six countries are responsible for test sites and France has overall management responsibility

7. Schedule Main phases of the MINEO project

8. Test sites Arctic Environment - Greenland Boreal Environment - Finland Alpine Environment - Austria Central Europe- Germany Western Europe- UK Southern Europe- Portugal

9. UK MINEO Site UK study site is an area of abandoned tin mining in Cornwall Mineralisation occurred in several phases, due to emplacement of granite.

10. Area of Interest Green Hashed area indicates the extent of the mineralised granite and country rocks in the region.

11. UK MINEO Site Mining began in the Bronze age –peaked in the late 19 th century, with the extraction of copper, tin, lead, silver, zinc and tungsten –then declined post War, before ceasing in the 1990's Truro Camborne Falmouth

12. A Variety of Surface Conditions

13. Hyperspectral Mineral Mapping Diagnostic mineral spectra measured in the laboratory … … can now be measured from an aircraft sensor

14. HyMap Sensor used is HyMap –Hyperspectral Airborne Scanner –126 Bands –Wavelength region 0.45 - 2.5  m –Bandwidths between 15 and 20 nm –Pixel size between 3 and 10 m –Owned and operated by HyVista

15. Airborne Hyperspectral Survey Hyperspectral data will soon be available from satellite sensors 200 km 2 surveyed in 4 hours Will be analysed over the next year to map minerals remotely

16. Image processing Conversion from Ground Radiance to Ground Reflectance Use Ground Measurements Use LOG Residuals (also completes remaining atmospheric correction) Other methods ? Atmospheric Correction - Conversion from at Sensor Radiance to Ground Radiance 1. Use Model (e.g. ATREM, ACORN) 2. Use Dark Object Subtraction (partial solution that omits some atmospheric effects) 3. Ignore Image Pre-processing options researched and assessed Image processing and mineral mapping

17. Spectral Library Representative PIMA Spectrum from the Wheal Pendarves Mine GER and PIMA spectra recorded for calibration Spring 2001 field work cancelled due to foot and mouth disease outbreak More spectra will be measured in Autumn 2001 H & S permitting Kaolinite closest match

18. DEM Creation UK area of responsibility DEM creation for 3 sites Austrian DEM already created UK and Portugal underway Will be used for visualisation and modelling purposes Austrian DEM as a shaded relief model in Erdas, at 2.5m resolution

19. Inputs to GIS Model Use HyMap data to produce mineral and pollution maps Use DEM to model surface Add data such as geochemistry and Geology

20. Model pollution path ways Model pollutant transport mechanisms Estimate potential hazards in proximity to areas of population and recreation GIS Modelling

21. Remaining work Apply final atmospheric and geometric correction Add to custom spectral libraries Complete site specific image processing and GIS analysis Develop generic methodologies in 2002 Pass project findings to user community via publications and workshops in 2002

22. Summary The problem of mine waste is an important environmental issue Remote sensing can help to map the waste using new technology MINEO project is still in quite early stages Final results will be ready in 2002

23. Acknowledgements BGS Team MINEO Consortium HyVista EC More information at : www.brgm.fr/MINEO