1. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 1 Using Multimedia on the Web Enhancing a Web Site with Sound, Video, and Applets Tutorial 8

2. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 2 Objectives Working with Multimedia Working with Audio Linking to an Audio Clip Embedding an Audio Clip

3. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 3 Objectives Working with Video Linking to a Video Clip Embedding a Video Clip Using a Dynamic Source Supporting Non-Embedded Elements

4. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 4 Objectives Introducing Java Working with Applets Creating a Marquee with Internet Explorer Working with the Object Element

5. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 5 Working with Multimedia Bandwidth is a measure of the amount of data that can be sent through a communication pipeline each second –Consider bandwidth when working with multimedia on a Web site

6. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 6 Working with Multimedia Multimedia can be added to a Web page two different ways: –External media is a sound of video file that’s accessed through a link Useful for a low bandwidth –Inline media is placed within a Web page as an embedded object

7. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 7 Working with Multimedia Inline media External media

8. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 8 Working with Audio Every sound wave is composed of two components: –Amplitude- the height of the wave. Amplitude relates to the sound’s volume (the higher the amplitude, the louder the sound). –Frequency- the speed at which the sound wave moves. Frequency relates to sound pitch (high frequencies have high pitches).

9. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 9 Working with Audio

10. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 10 Sampling Rate, Sample Resolution, and Channels Sound waves are analog functions (represent a continuously varying signal) –To store the information, however, it must be converted to pieces of information. Digital recording measures the sound’s amplitude at discrete moments in time –Each measurement is called a sample Samples per second taken is called the sampling rate

11. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 11 Sampling Rate Low sampling rate Medium sampling rate High sampling rate

12. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 12 Sampling Rate, Sample Resolution, and Channels Sampling resolution indicates the precision in measuring the sound within each sample –8-bit –16-bit –32-bit

13. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 13 Sample Resolution Low sample resolution High sample resolution

14. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 14 Sample Rates and Resolution Sampling rate and sample resolution as related to sound quality: Sampling Rate and Sample ResolutionSound Quality 8 KHz, 8-bit, monoTelephone 22 KHz, 16-bit, stereoRadio 44 KHz, 16-bit, stereoCD 48 KHz, 16-bit, stereoDigital Audio Tape (DAT)

15. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 15 Sound File Formats There are different sound file formats used for different operating systems Different file formats provide varying levels of sound quality and sound compression

16. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 16 Sound File Formats WAV Nonstreaming media Streaming media MIDI

17. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 17 Sound File Formats MP3 is a version of the MPEG format, which compresses audio files with minor impact on sound quality –One controversy around the MP3 format involves copyrighted material that has been copied as MP3 without the permission of the artist or producers

18. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 18 Sound File Formats Nonstreaming media must be completely downloaded by users before being played –May produce lengthy delays

19. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 19 Sound File Formats Streaming media are processed in a steady and continuous stream as they are downloaded by the browser –Both sound and video

20. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 20 Sound File Formats MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) converts an analog signal to a series of functions describing the pitch, length, and volume of each note –MIDI format is limited to instrumental music and cannot be used for general sounds, such as speech

21. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 21 Linking to an Audio Clip Inserting links to the sound clips

22. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 22 Embedding an Audio Clip An embedded object is any media clip, file, program, or other object that can be run or viewed from within a Web page –Browsers need the appropriate plug-ins to run embedded objects

23. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 23 Embedding an Audio Clip (Internet Explorer and Netscape) To embed a sound or video clip, use the embed element: <embed src=“url” width=“value” height=“value” autostart=“type” /> Where url is the location of the object, the width and height attributes specify the width and the height of the object in pixels, and type is either true (to start the clip automatically when the page loads) or false (to start the clip manually).

24. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 24 Playing Background Sounds Internet Explorer (with Version 3.0) introduced an element to play background sounds: <bgsound src=“url” balance=“value” loop=“value” volume=“value” /> Where url is the URL of the sound file, the balance attribute defines how the sound should be balanced between left and right speakers, loop defines how many times the sound clip is played, and the volume attribute indicates the background sound volume.

25. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 25 Working with Video Video files add a visual element to a Web page as well as provide information Video files are composed of a series of single images called frames The number of frames shown in a period of time is the frame rate

26. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 26 Frame Rates and Codecs Reducing the frame rate reduces the size of your file –This is one way to control file size of video files Using a Codec (compression/decompression) is another way to control the file size

27. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 27 Video File Formats

28. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 28 Linking to a Video Clip Follow the same procedure to link a video clip as you would to link a sound clip –Include information about the size of each video file so that users can determine whether they want to retrieve the clip

29. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 29 Embedding a Video Clip Use the same embed element to embed a video file as you did to embed a sound clip –You must specify a source for an embedded video clip with the src attribute and a size for the clip using the height and width attributes

30. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 30 Using a Dynamic Source To turn inline images into dynamic video clips, use the following syntax: <img src=“url” dynsrc=“url” start=“type” loop=“value” control=“control” /> Where the dynsrc attribute specifies the URL of a dynamic (video) version of the inline image. The start attribute tells the browser when to start the clip, the loop attribute specifies the number of times the video will play, and the control attribute specifies whether IE should display player controls below the inline image to start and stop the video clip.

31. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 31 Supporting Non-Embedded Elements If you want to support older browsers, you can add the noembed element The noembed element works like the noframe element for frames, providing a way to support older browsers that do not recognize embedded objects

32. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 32 Using Non-Embedded Content To provide alternate content for browsers that don’t support embedded objects, use the code alternate content where alternate content is the content displayed by browsers that don’t support embedded objects

33. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 33 Introducing Java Oak was developed by Sun Microsystems as an operating system intended to be used by common appliances and devices Oak was renamed Java in 1995 HotJava runs programs written in the Java language –HotJava is a Java interpreter (it understands and runs Java languages)

34. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 34 Applets and Java Interpreters

35. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 35 Applets Applets are displayed as embedded objects on a Web page in an applet window Use a Java Developer’s Kit (JDK) to write your own Java applet Compiling changes the file into an executable file that can run by itself without the JDK –The executable file is called a class file

36. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 36 Working with Applets Attributes of the applet element

37. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 37 Inserting a Java Applet To insert a Java applet, use the code … Where file is the name of the Java class file, text is the name of an applet parameter, and value is the parameter’s value.

38. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 38 Creating a Marquee with Internet Explorer An alternative to using an applet to create a box with scrolling text is to create a marquee element content Where attributes is one or more of the marquee elements, and content is the page content that appears in the marquee box.

39. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 39 Working with the Object Element The object element is the generic element for any object whose content is stored in a file separate from the current Web page –Inline images –Sound clips –Video clips –Program applets –Other HTML documents

40. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 40 Working with the Object Element Specific and generic elements

41. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 41 Working with the Object Element MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) names are used to indicate the type of data using the type attribute in an object element.

42. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 42 ActiveX ActiveX attaches desktop applications to Web pages ActiveX objects are referred to as ActiveX controls

43. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 43 Tips for Using Multimedia When linking to multimedia, provide a variety of media formats to ensure that all users have access to formats they can use Include the file size in links to large multimedia files to notify users with low bandwidth connections

44. XP Tutorial 8New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML, XHTML, and XML 44 Tips for Using Multimedia Do not embed multimedia clips in your Web pages unless you are sure that users will be accessing the pages through a high-speed connection Do not insert media clips unless you provide a method for users to turn off the clips; if a clip plays automatically, allow it to play only once Use the embed and applet elements in preference to the object element because of the broader browser support