1. Opticon Key Technologies Network Colin Cunningham UK ATC, Edinburgh 11 th Nov 2008

2. 2 Scope & Objectives Objectives – from Contract –To identify key technology needs –Look for opportunities which technology developments in other sectors provide for astronomy –Encourage European collaborative technology development projects –Provide a forum for discussing potential routes for further development Scope: –The focus of the KTN activities is enabling technologies –The KTN supports the development of facilities (telescopes) as well as instruments –The core activity of the KTN is in the wavelength region 300 nm to 35 µm. –The KTN supports a balanced portfolio of low risk and high risk technology developments –The KTN supports the integration of telescope and instrument test facilities.

3. 3 Working Method Core Team – based round JRA leaders Associate team – contribute where appropriate Twiki – interactive website https://ssl.roe.ac.uk/twiki/bin/view/Optikeytec/WebHome Meeting alongside Opticon reviews and other events eg SPIE meetings Specific Workshops focussed on science- driven technology challenges Roadmap development

4. 4 Technology Planning: Roadmap time Science Goals Facility, Mission or Instrument Technology

5. 5 Roadmapping Process

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7. 7 Technology threads and outcomes William Herschel Telescope Laser Guide Star and AO Testbed > UK funding & FP7 Proposal Smart Instrument Technologies > FP7 Proposal Optical components for ELT Instruments –EAGLE & OPTIMOS consortia IR Detectors > UK study with Industry, potential ESA funding Astrophotonics > FP7 Proposal

8. 8 Major Meetings Core Team Meeting – Glasgow, June 04 Core Team Meeting & Technology Roadmap for ELT – Grenoble, Oct 04 Challenges in Optics for ELT Instruments – Rome, Oct 05 AO Roadmap Workshop – Paris, March 06 Core Team Meeting & FP7 Roadmap – Orlando, May 06 Astro-Photonica Europa – Edinburgh, August 06 Smart Focal Planes Roadmap – Neuchatel, Dec 05 WHT Testbed Meeting – La Palma, Oct 06 Smart Instrument Technologies – Leiden, April 07

9. 9 La Palma Testbed > CANARY GLAS WHT Rayleigh LGS Facility Test, May 2007 Photo: Tibor Agocs, ING

10. 10 AstroPhotonics Jeremy Allington-Smith, Durham University AstroPhotonica Europa is a partnership to exploit photonic principles for astronomy, using and enriching the existing research and industrial infrastructure. The primary goal is to make instruments for Extremely Large Telescopes affordable and practicable by exploiting photonic principles. Telecommunications has been the main driver for photonic innovation so far. –Future generation of extremely large telescopes may be contingent on the use of photonic devices, including integrated spectrographs, dispersers, beam combiners and photonic crystal fibres. –Although the potential of photonics has been demonstrated, much is still needed to develop practical, efficient devices –It will build on the lead in instrument innovation already established by Europe and its strategic partners. There are opportunities for synergy with the life sciences and earth observation. –Benefits from this programme will flow back to industry to enhance European expertise in a strategically-important sector

11. 11 Corfu: Planned Future Meetings Astro-Photonica Europa – October 07, Grenoble WHT Testbed Meeting – December 07 IR Detectors Astronomy Requirements and European Industry Capabilities Technology Roadmap Update Workshop

12. 12 Actual Meetings Astro-Photonica Europa – October 07, Grenoble WHT Testbed Meetings – December 07 Leiden & ESO IR Detectors Astronomy Requirements and European Industry Capabilities – Aug 08 Oxford

13. 13 Towards the Next Generation of Astronomical IR Detectors Department of Physics, University of Oxford Tuesday 1st July: Instrument Projects and Detector Requirements 13:00 Welcome and Introduction Gavin Dalton 13:15 ESO’s E-ELT Instrumentation Markus Kissler-Patig 14:00 ESA Programmes, activities & requirements Nick Nelms 14:45 MICADO – The E-ELT Imager Ric Davies 15:15 The HARMONI Integral Field Spectrograph Fraser Clarke 16:15 Detector requirements for EAGLE Colin Cunningham 16:45 Overview of a Wide Field MOS capability Gavin Dalton 17:15 The DUNE imager requirements Frank Eisenhauer 17:45 Wrap-up discussion Wednesday 2nd July: Detector developments and prospects 09:30 Overview of current IR FPAs in astronomy Derek Ives 10:00 Status of IR focal plane technology at ESO Gert Finger 10:30 Coffee 11:00 Developments at QinetiQPeter Dennis & David Hall 12:00 Developments at SELEXKeith Baker 13:45 CCDs in the 1 micron region Paul Jorden 14:15 Developemnts at RALNick Waltham 14:45 Discussion Session https://forge.roe.ac.uk/twiki/bin/view/Optikeytec/PresenTations

14. 14 CMT Growth Capabilities Growth of Cadmium Mercury Telluride –by bulk Bridgman –by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) –by Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) Key to the ability to offer affordable high performance detectors is to be able to grow high quality MCT on large area, low cost substrates MOVPE is the only technology capable of growing on low cost (GaAs) large area (currently three inch diameter, but soon to move to a six inch capability) substrates. Galileo Avionica S.p.A and SELEX Sensors & Airborne Systems Limited - Finmeccanica Companies

15. IR Arrays www.QinetiQ.com © Copyright QinetiQ 15 System Architecture for Growth on ROICs Silicon Read-Out IC Silicon Read-Out IC with integrated CMT islands Silicon substrate with CMT device mesas CMTn p Indium bumps Input IR CMT Contact metal Polycrystalline CdHgTe MBE Buffer MOVPE CdHgTe Growth Crystalline CdHgTe areas Si ROIC

16. 16 Up-coming Meetings Roadmap Update Workshop –13 th /14 th November at UK ATC, Edinburgh Material Property Measurements for Cryogenic Instruments –December 4 th /5 th at Merate, Milan

17. 17 Technology Roadmap Workshop Aims Review and update the roadmap for technology development needed by optical and infra-red ground based astronomy in the future. The roadmap will: Highlight the key technologies required and the important stages in their development Show how these will help us meet our top scientific goals Highlight the funding available to allow us to do this And identify synergies with space based astronomy The roadmap will primarily focus on technologies for instruments and interferometry, but will also touch upon technologies for telescopes and adaptive optics. The updated roadmap document will be the final delivery of the FP6 KTN, and will be taken forward as a working tool for FP7 KTN

18. 18 Workshop attendees Robert PfabTechnologistUK ATCUK Dave MelotteTechnologistUK ATCUK Colin CunninghamPPT EngineerUK ATCUK Frank MolsterMIR InstrumentsNOVA/LeidenNL Gavin DaltonIR Detectors/FibresRAL/OxfordUK Filippo Zerbi Optical DevicesINAF/BreraIT Lars Venema Mechanisms/InstrumentsASTRON NL Adam WoodcraftCryogenics SUPA/EdinburghUK Pierre Kern InterferometryLOAG FR Jeremy Allington-SmithAstrophotonics/IFUsDurhamUK Tim GledhillPolarimetryHertfordshireUK Didier MartinSpace TechnologyESAInt Suzanne Ramsay HowatIR InstrumentsESOInt

19. 19 Cryo Materials Workshop The goals of this workshop are: –to foster the sharing of information, experience and techniques between instrument developers, experts in optical and structural materials and industry –to review the actual precisions and limitations of the knowledge on relevant materials –to explore opportunities for future partnerships and joint use of facilities –to discuss plans for funding of future work –to summarize the current status and collect the future needs in a review paper Specific topics of the workshop are: –survey of existing data Optical Thermal Mechanical –a survey of existing facilities and their capabilities –the need for measurements over a range of temperatures –where new materials could make a difference if we knew how to use them –what is missing

20. 20 Attendees (TBC) Erich RuchSAGEMFrance Matthias KroedelECM (Cesic)Germany Fabrizio VitaliINAF – RomaItaly Pedichini FernandoINAF – RomaItaly Alberto Alvarez HerreroINTASpain Tsuyoshi OzakiMitsubishiJapan Filippo ZerbiINAF – BreraItaly Andrea BiancoINAF - IASF MilanoItaly Paolo SpanòINAF – BreraItaly Colin CunninghamUK ATCUK Adam WoodcraftSUPAUK Florian KerberESOInternational Peter HartmannSCHOTTGermany Favio BortolettoINAF – PadovaItaly Giuseppe PennestriGavazzi SpaceItaly Simon CanferRALUK Marco BarucciUniv. FirenzeItaly Marco CanettiRIALItaly Johan Pragt ?ASTRONNetherlands

21. 21 Spend & Remaining funds €191k total (reduced) budget €70k left for 2008 €10k promised to INSU for JRA2 Rest being used for 3 workshops & final roadmap production

22. 22 Publications & Dissemination IAU Symposium 232: Scientific Requirements for ELTs, Cape Town, Nov 2005 –Novel Technologies required to meet ELT science challenges, Cunningham & Crampton SPIE Symposium Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Orlando, May 2006 –Plenary Presentation: Novel Technology for Optical and Infrared Astronomy, Colin Cunningham –Follow up invited talk at NASA Goddard Nov 2007 Challenges in optics for Extremely Large Telescope instrumentation, Spano et al –Astron. Nachr. / AN 999, No. 88, 789 – 811 (2006) Towards the European ELT, Marseille Nov 2006 –Overview of the FP6 ELT Instrumentation Program & Technology Challenges for ELT Instruments Colin Cunningham –IR Detectors Gavin Dalton SPIE Symposium Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Marseille, 2008 –Smart instrument technologies to meet extreme instrument stability requirements Colin Cunningham, Peter Hastings, Florian Kerber, David Montgomery, Lars Venema, Pascal Vola 400 years of the telescope, Oct 2008, ESTEC –Future Technologies for Telescopes and Instruments, Colin Cunningham

23. 23 Objectives Achieved To identify key technology needs –IR Detectors, Large Optics, Astrophotonics, AO components and systems, Smart Instrument Technologies Look for opportunities which technology developments in other sectors provide for astronomy –Astrophotonics, IR Detectors Encourage European collaborative technology development projects –WHT Testbed, Astrophotonics, Smart Instrument Technologies, AO Provide a forum for discussing potential routes for further development –Through 14 Meetings & Workshops

24. 24 Follow on: FP7 Opticon Key Technology Network The KTN has proved to be a valuable mechanism for bringing partners together to address technology requirements and bid for new projects The Technology Roadmap for Optical & IR Astronomy needs to be continually updated to deal with a changing scientific, programmatic, technical and political environment

25. 25 The Opticon Key Technologies Network (KTN) will: Identify key technology needs relevant to the AstroNet Facility Roadmap Develop and regularly update the extant (FP6) dynamic Technology Roadmap Analyse technology developments in other sectors which provide opportunities for application in astronomy Identify spin-out opportunities for technologies developed for astronomy to be used in other research sectors and to improve the competitiveness of European industry Help build project consortia to develop those technologies, and search out technology development funding Provide a forum to share information between the FP7 Opticon RTD activities.

26. 26 Core Working Group The network will be coordinated by a core working group based on the RTD PIs with additional co-opted members Specific working groups on individual technologies will draft in others with particular expertise where appropriate The programme will be explicitly coordinated with the ESA technology programme and connected to the AstroNet Science Vision and Facility Roadmap

27. 27 Management WPM Colin Cunningham (UK ATC) Deputy WPM Frank Molster (NOVA) –Responsible for ESA and AstoNET connections With support from UK ATC Innovation Group –Robert Pfab & Dave Melotte

28. 28 Linkages Explore linkages and opportunities between technology developments across the Opticon FP7 programme and other relevant European collaborative programmes. –The working group will expand the network of people who wish to develop European capabilities for technology development for IR and Optical Astronomy –Emphasis will be placed on bringing in active partners from the new EU countries and encouraging a better gender and age balance Develop European Industrial awareness of the astronomy community’s needs for advanced technology, to foster interaction with industry and to investigate the technology areas which will create mutual benefit (both scientific and economic) Assist the Opticon Astrophotonics JRA in developing links with industrial and academic photonics groups throughout Europe, making use of European industrial networks such as the UK Photonics Knowledge Transfer Network Develop a network of European organisations with capabilities and interests in cryogenic measurement of structural and optical properties of new materials, aimed at developing future funding proposals

29. 29 Workshops The main KTN activity will be to run a series of ten or more workshops –Project definition and consortium development: bringing together teams to develop proposals for technology development. –Technology Roadmapping: mapping AstroNet science goals onto technologies available and requiring development, and linking to implementation paths and funding sources. –Potential Key Technologies Workshops: Detectors New optical materials Photonics devices –Interferometry –Spectrometry Novel materials for cryogenic structures Cryogenic Mechanisms Systems modelling –These workshops will build on the momentum generated in the FP6 KTN –A major aim of these workshops will be to generate proposals for the second phase of Opticon FP7 (and FP8) – and for national funding

30. 30 KTN FP7 Cost Summary Number of Meetings Cost per meeting, €k Travel Cost,€k SMStaff Cost,€k Totals Large Meetings51575 Small Meetings5420 UK ATC 542 NOVA 320 Total157

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