1. Waste and Recycling Wise Use of Resources

2. Pre-cycling Not allowing something to be wasted Could involve reuse or simply using something wisely as to not allow it to become trash

3. Reuse, Composting and Recycling Two of the 3 Rs of Waste Prevention

4. Reuse A form of waste reduction that keeps high quality resources from becoming waste

5. Composting Sweet-smelling, dark brown humus-like material that is rich in organic matter and soil nutrients

6. Composting Advantages Could reduce up to 35% of waste Can be used as fertilizer or landfill cover Helps rebuild eroded soil Disadvantages Excludes toxic materials Odor (enclosed facility; near landfill; or be careful to get only biodegradable waste and put in closed container with air circulation Can be expensive to set up

7. Reccling The last of the 3 Rs of Waste Prevention

8. Recycling comes in two types Primary Secondary

9. Primary Recycling Also called closed-loop recycling Recycles the same product Aluminum cans form new aluminum cans Newspaper becomes newspaper

10. Secondary Recycling Also called Open Loop Recycling Waste is converted to new products Jeans into carpet Plastic into lumber

11. How much paper is really recycled? 40-50% of all paper products are estimated to be recycled

12. Plastics Recycled What % of plastics do you think get recycled? About 5% of plastics are recycled Why? Low cost resin except for the drinking bottle which is most likely type of plastic to be recycled

13. Post-consumer recycling Waste that could have been put into a landfill because it had been already used for its original purpose but was instead recycled into either the same product or a different product that its original use

14. Pre-consumer Recycling Material was not used for its original purpose. In the manufacturing process this material was excess and did not make it into the original product; therefore, the manufacturer recycled it back into its own manufacturing process Can you think of an example of this?

15. How is recycling done? Centralized recovery areas are where mixed urban waste is transported to this type of facility Recovery implies recycling Rest of the waste is burned There are roughly 250 of these facilities in the US

16. What factors limit recycling? The environmental cost is not included in the purchase price Tax breaks for manufacturers but not for individual recyclers Lack of market for recycled materials

17. Traditional waste management Trash is presorted into recyclables and trash Recyclables go one route Trash is taken to sanitary landfill

18. Land Disposal 57% of waste goes to a landfill Sanitary Landfill: garbage graveyard where solid waste is spread out in thin layers and compacted daily with fresh layers of clay or plastic foam

19. Landfill Liners Landfills need to have thick layer of concrete separating them from the nearby material The concrete layer is covered over with a thick liner which is thicker than the shingles on your roof

20. Other ways of dealing with waste Detoxification & Incineration

21. Incineration 7-15% of US waste is incinerated Process by which combustible waste is burned and ash is buried

22. Incineration Advantages Reduces waste Most things are combustible Cheap once set up Disadvantages Fire and associated threat of explosive substances getting into incinerator Separation of items Expense of incinerator Air pollution Smoke

23. Detoxification Some waste can be disposed of in other ways if it was detoxified. This can be done by toxic-degrading bacteria Also substances can be watered down Finally, some substances like heavy metals cannot be dealt with in this way Heavy metal poisoning is very difficult to manage b/c body’s tissues pick up the metal and is not easily removed