1. Chapter Three—The Constitution
Section One--The Road to the Constitution

2. Why was a new framework of government necessary?
The Articles of Confederation was causing too many problems
Nation in extreme debt
Congress could not tax
Congress could not enforce laws
States taxed excessively
Trade between states and other nations was nearly impossible to accomplish

3. What kind of people were involved in writing the Constitution?
White males
Educated
Wealthier
Experience working in government
Military heroes
Examples—George Washington, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin

4. Chapter Three—The Constitution
Section Two—Creating and Ratifying the Constitution

5. What problems did the “framers” of the Constitution face DURING the Constitutional Convention?
Fear of outside pressure and undue influence from constituents
Concern over voting procedures
Arguments over two plans of government (Virginia Plan v. New Jersey Plan)

6. Virginia Plan
Bicameral Legislature
Both houses will base representation on population
Will have a president, legislature, and court system—Three Branches of Government!

7. New Jersey Plan
Unicameral Legislature
Representation in legislature will be the same for all states

8. The Great Compromise (AKA Connecticut Plan)
Bicameral legislature
Representation in one house (the House of Representatives) will be determined by population (representative elected by the people)
Representation in the other house (the Senate) will be the same for each state (two per state, elected by the state legislature)
THIS SLIDE IS VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!

9. Problems DURING… Commerce Compromise
Fixing problems with commerce and trade
States could not tax exports or imports
States could not deal individually with other nations
Congress was allowed to regulate trade between states; could not tax interstate trade
Standardized currency and weights and measured

10. Slavery Compromises
Slave Trade
“Fugitive slave clause”
Three-Fifths Compromise

11. How do will we elect our president?
Elected by Congress??
Elected by the people??
Compromise: The Electoral College

12. Federalists fought against Anti-Federalists
What problems did the “framers” of the Constitution face AFTER the Constitutional Convention?
Anti-Federalists disapproved
Federalists fought against Anti-Federalists

13. Chapter Three—The Constitution
Section One—The Road to the Constitution

14. What is the preamble to the Constitution?
Introductory paragraph with six goals
Make a “more perfect union”
Establish justice
Ensure domestic tranquility
Provide for the common defense
Promote the general welfare
Secure liberty for all future generations

15. What is the purpose of Article I
What is the purpose of Article I? Powers and responsibilities of Congress
Borrow money
Regulate trade
Control immigration
Coin money
Establish post offices
Create federal courts
Declare war
Finance the military
Make laws necessary to to carrying out their powers (necessary and proper clause)

16. What is the purpose of Article II? Powers of the President
Commander in Chief
Make treaties
Grant pardons and reprieves
Appoint federal judges
Appoint other high officers in government

17. What is the purpose of Article III? The Powers of the Judicial Branch
Jurisdiction over federal crimes and federal civil cases
Can overturn any laws that are made that violate the constitution (***Judicial Review***)

18. Extra Credit Quiz The Preamble and the Constitution
List THREE GOALS of the Preamble
List THREE Powers of Congress
List THREE Powers of the President
What is the vocabulary word that means “the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law to be unconstitutional

19. Purpose of Article IV?
Describes the relations between the states
“Full faith and credit clause”
How new states are admitted
All states must have a republican form of government
Issues of extradition
Purpose of Article V?
Describes how the Constitution can be amended
Amendments must be proposed by 2/3 of Congress
Amendments must be ratified by ¾ of the states

20. How can the Constitution be amended?

21. What is the purpose of Article VI?
Contains the “Supremacy Clause”
What is the purpose of Article VII?
Describes process for ratification—9 of the original 13 states must approve for the Constitution to be official

22. How is the Constitution interpreted?
Necessary and Proper Clause
Through different people interpreting the Constitution over time

23. Underlying Principles of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty (Voting)
Section Four
Underlying Principles of the Constitution
Popular Sovereignty (Voting)
Separation of Powers (Checks and Balances)—prevents abuses of power
Checks and Balances.doc

24. Underlying Principles of the Constitution
Section Four
Underlying Principles of the Constitution
3. Federalism—Cooperation between federal, state, and local governments. (Enumerated,Concurrent, Reserved Powers)
4. Limited Government(Bill of Rights)

25. Federalism—Types of Powers
Enumerated Powers
(National Powers)
Regulate trade with other nations and among states
Conduct foreign affairs
Raise and support the military
Establish a postal system
Govern US territories
Admit two states
Regular immigration
Concurrent Powers
(Shared Powers)
Taxation
Pass laws
Establish courts
Enforce the laws
Borrow money
Provide for the welfare of citizens
Reserved Powers
(State’s Powers)
Driving laws
Marriage and divorce laws
Establish local governments
Manage elections
Oversee public schools
Regulate trade within the state