3. 阅读理解归纳概括题 解题技巧

4. 归纳概括题包括： 归纳概括题包括： 1 、主题的判断 2 、标题的拟定 3 、作者写作意图的推断

5. 1. 找出主题和主题思想 （ 1 ）什么是主题和主题思想？ （ 2 ）有关主题常见的提问方式： （ 3 ）主题句在文章中的位置： 开头 中间 结尾 开头 中间 结尾 开头 中间 结尾 开头 中间 结尾 2. 推断主题和主题思想 1. 找出主题和主题思想 （ 1 ）什么是主题和主题思想？ （ 2 ）有关主题常见的提问方式： （ 3 ）主题句在文章中的位置： 开头 中间 结尾 开头 中间 结尾 开头 中间 结尾 开头 中间 结尾 2. 推断主题和主题思想

6. 1 ） To find the Topic What is a topic? ( 一个段落、章节、文章 ) 要讨论的总 的话题、论题或题目。通常总是用一个单词或短语来 陈述主题。例如： “Vitamin A”; “ Talking to your plants” “Television in the 90s”. 2 ） To find the Main Ideas 例如： 1 ） “Vitamin A is essential for normal bone growth,vision and skin”; 2 ） “ Plants are sensitive to sound” 3 ） “Television in the 90s have seen a rise in high quality movies made for television”.

7. Which of the following are topics? And which are main ideas? 1. Warm currents in the Pacific Ocean 2. Warm currents in the Pacific Ocean are destroying the fish off the coast of Peru. 3. A diet high in fiber can help prevent cancer of the colon( 结肠 ) 。 4. A shortage of teachers in maths and science. 5. How to make money in business 6. The only way to learn how to write is to write. 7. War is death. √ √ √

8. 有关主题常见的提问方式： 1. The best title of this passage can be _______. 2. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 3. The title that best expresses the idea is _____. 4. The paragraph could be given the title of ___. 5. The passage could be entitled _____. 6. The main idea of the paragraph is _____. 7. From the passage we know that _____. 8. What does the writer mean from the text? 9. The passage is about _____ 10. What does the passage mainly discuss? 11. The passage makes clear that_____.IdeasIdeas TopicsTopics

9. A A Body temperature can affect how happily, or unhappily we awake. During the course of a day, our body temperature rises and falls at regular time. Although we don’t notice the change, it does affect our sleeping patterns. When body temperature is up, we are awake. As it falls, we grow tired and, eventually, we sleep. As a result, anyone who has a fast-rising temperature cycle is a “ morning person” and can get out of bed quickly. An “evening person,” on the other hand, has a body temperature that rises slowly. It doesn't hit high point until mid-afternoon, when this person feels best. Body temperature Body temperature determines whether you are a “morning person”or an “evening person.” 1. Topic:___________________ 2. Main Idea: _________________________________________ 3. Which sentence is the topic sentence ?

10. Fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then to Britain. There he received a letter inviting him to go to the United States to teach at a well-known research institute at Princeton. He accepted, but asked for a very small salary. Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich. He once refused to speak on the radio for 1,000 dollars a minute. Another time he was seen using a check for 1,500 dollars as a bookmark. Then he lost the book. Fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then to Britain. There he received a letter inviting him to go to the United States to teach at a well-known research institute at Princeton. He accepted, but asked for a very small salary. Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich. He once refused to speak on the radio for 1,000 dollars a minute. Another time he was seen using a check for 1,500 dollars as a bookmark. Then he lost the book. 1. Topic:___________________ 2. Which sentence is the topic sentence ? About Einstein B

11. B B In America today almost everyone fears aging greatly– and for good reasons. The old are thrown out of the work force at 65, no longer thought useful. They are sent away to retirement villages if they can afford them, to nursing homes if they cannot. One study shows at least one-third of the 22.5 million people over 65 are poor. Most are alone, poor, and bitter. A burden to their children, many old people live out their last years hopelessly or angrily. “ the poor old folks,” we say with pity and fear. Old age We fear aging because the old are usually alone, poor and hopeless. 1. What is the general topic of the paragraph? _________ 2. In your own words, what is the main idea about this topic? 3.Which sentence shows the main idea ?

12. D If you hadn’t known them, you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike. They were both tall and wore long and fair hair. They both spoke in a deep voice that made themselves seem much older than they really were. Both of them wore dark clothes as a rule, and they liked the light- colored ties. But that was the likeness they had. In other things they were quite different. Joe was kind and helpful, and everyone liked him. Jim, however, was very selfish and often angry with others because of small things. Although Joe and Jim were alike on the surface, they were really very different in nature. 1. What is the general topic of the paragraph? ______________ 2. What is the main idea about this topic? Joe and Jim

13. F Aunt Stella never forgets to send a card on the birthdays of her friends. She remembers anniversaries and graduations better than anyone else. If she says she ’ ll lend you a book or send you an article she saw in the newspaper, she always comes through. And somehow she manages to keep straight not just the names of her fifteen nieces and nephews, seven brothers and sisters,and their thirty-five children, but also remembers such things as who loves the color blue and who hates wine and who loves skiing and who looks upon down trips to the beach F Aunt Stella never forgets to send a card on the birthdays of her friends. She remembers anniversaries and graduations better than anyone else. If she says she ’ ll lend you a book or send you an article she saw in the newspaper, she always comes through. And somehow she manages to keep straight not just the names of her fifteen nieces and nephews, seven brothers and sisters,and their thirty-five children, but also remembers such things as who loves the color blue and who hates wine and who loves skiing and who looks upon down trips to the beach. 1. Topic: __________________________. 2. Main idea: ____________________________________________ Aunt Stella’s memory Aunt Stella has a very good memory

14. 3. 作者写作意图的推断 常见的提问方式： 1.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is… 2.The aim of the writer is to show that… 3.The article was written to explain… 4.The author implies ( 暗示，意味 ) that… 5.The author seems to be in favor of/against…

15. During the summer holidays there will be a revised( 修改 过的 ) schedule( 时刻表 ) of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged( 安排 ), will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club. During the summer holidays there will be a revised( 修改 过的 ) schedule( 时刻表 ) of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged( 安排 ), will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club. In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00am to7:00 p.m.during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00p.m. on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week,but have shorter hours on Saturdays and on Sundays.The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m. In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00am to7:00 p.m.during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00p.m. on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week,but have shorter hours on Saturdays and on Sundays.The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m. All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper. All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper.

16. The main purpose of this announcement is to ______. A. tell students of important schedule changes B. tell students of new bus and library services C. show the excellent services for students D. ask students to renew their library cards A

17. Thank you!