1. Alternative Application Technology Daniel L. Kline USDA-ARS, CMAVE Gainesville, FL dkline@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu

2. Alternative ApplicationTechnology Area repellents –Tent studies Insecticide-treated vegetation –Semi-field: CMAVE protocol –Field: Studies in Arkansas versus Anopheles

3. Pristine Sand Fly Habitat … Everywhere Before Tent Cities Military Relevance

4. Air Force Tent City Army Tent City

5. Area Repellents: Tent Studies Metofluthrin (SumiOne™) A highly volatile pyrethroid

6. Participants CMAVE –Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette and Brian Quinn –Joyce Urban and Melissa Doyle NECE –CDR Steve Rankin –LCDR Dan Szumlas –Dr. Todd Walker Valent –John Lucas

7. Tent Studies: Metofluthrin (Sumi One TM ) Types of emanators Placement of emanators Number of emanators Environmental effects

8. A TENT A TENT B 100 feet 60 ft long 18’ 6” long Tent configurations West Cage East Cage 30 ft wide 13’ 6” wide

10. SumiOne™ Paper Emanators Surface area 4000 cm3 (both faces) Treated with 200 mg SumiOne®

11. Placement of emanators

12. SumiOne™ Plastic Emanators 7.9 cm wide x 11 cm long (192 holes, each.25 cm 2) Plastic impregnated with 5% (w/w) SumiOne®

13. Mosquito Magnets and emanators

14. Mosquitoes Released in Each Cage Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (500) Aedes aegypti (500)

15. Measures of Emanator Efficacy Landing counts on human volunteers (inside and outside tent) Mosquito Magnet Pro collections (within tents) Residue analysis

16. Percent reduction in trap collections with SumiOne paper at two heights

17. Percent residue of metofluthrin in paper emanators

18. Average percent reduction in trap collection using SumiOne plastic emanator

19. UntreatedTreated Inside OutsideInside Outside

20. Nets TreatedUntreated

21. Overall Summary 1.SumiOne® shows potentially good knockdown and bite inhibition activity against mosquitoes. 2. Type and placement of SumiOne emanators is very important. 3. Further research is needed on type and placement of emanators. 4. Additional candidate compounds need to be evaluated.

22. X X X X X X X West East North South Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) 7 plants per side 60’ 30’ 10’ Coleman MD-2500 Large outdoor screen cage ( 16’ high)

23. Participants CMAVE –Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette, Sandy Allan and Brian Quinn –Joyce Urban, Aaron Lloyd and Melissa Doyle Arkansas –David Dame (Entomological Services) –Max Meisch (University of Arkansas)

24. CMAVE Protocol Mini-plots

25. Bifenthrin residual treatment on wax myrtle

26. Mini-plots (10’ x 10’)0.1 acre plots Arkansas Studies David Dame (Entomological Services) and Max Meisch, Univ. of Arkansas Bifenthrin.11 and.22 lb/acre Bifenthrin.22 lb/acre

28. Trap Collections

29. Bifenthrin treated mini-plots

30. Bifenthrin treated field plots

31. Bioassay

32. Percent mortality of An. quadrimaculatus after 1 hr exposure to Bifenthrin-treated leaves from field plots

33. Percent mortality of An. quadrimaculatus after 24 hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.

34. Percent mortality of Oc. taeniorhyncus after one hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.

35. Percent mortality of Oc. taeniorhyncus after 24 hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.

36. Residue Analysis

37. Future Studies Comparison of regular backpack sprayers with electrostatic sprayers