1. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 1 Poolbeg Incinerator EIS Climate Chapter A Critique Presented by Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings August 2007

2. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 2 An Analysis of the EIS Climate Chapter Submission to the Environmental Protection Agency Waste Licence Application W0232-01 Applicant:Dublin City Council Development:Dublin Waste to Energy Facility Pigeon House Road Poolbeg Peninsula Dublin 4 Submission by:Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings

3. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 3 Agenda ▪Three Poolbeg Models Our Analysis »of the first two models »The Poolbeg 3 Model is not before the EPA as yet Findings Corrected Results ▪Comparison of All Models ▪Recent Climate Policy Changes ▪Conclusion

4. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 4 Poolbeg Climate Models ▪Poolbeg 1 Published in the EIS ▪Poolbeg 2 Submitted to Oral Hearing on 26 th April 2007 Submitted to EPA via CD on 8 th May 2007 ▪Poolbeg 3 Not submitted to the EPA as yet ?

5. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 5 Our Analysis ▪Checked back to sources ▪Checked the sums ▪Checked the assumptions ▪Checked the results published ▪We reran the models with corrections We did not analyse every aspect of each model Focussed on CO 2 Not N 2 O or CH 4

6. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 6 Climate Model Methodology ▪Poolbeg Models IPCC EC 2001 ERM DEFRA ▪Alternatives studied Landfill Anaerobic Digestion Carbon Sequestration ▪Changes in Mix & Factors ▪Biogenic CO 2 100% release of entire fraction Not calculated or reported

7. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 7 Assessment ▪Waste Mix Sources - EPA, EC 2001 CCW and FCF “Other” fraction ▪Electricity produced Incorrect MW hours used CCGT Factor CO 2 avoided ▪Mistakes in the sums ▪Corrected Result Poolbeg 1

8. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 8 Waste Mix – Error in Percentage Sums Per Table A8.2CCWFCFShould be Composition%carbonweighted% fossilweighted aba * bca * ca * b * c Paper24.5%33%8.1%0%0.0% Organics36.7%19%7.0%0%0.0% Plastic13.2%61%8.0%100%13.2%8.0% Glass3.0%0%0.0%0%0.0% Metals3.1%0%0.0%0%0.0% Textiles8.1%39%3.2%50%4.0%1.6% Others11.4%24%2.7%29%3.3%0.8% 29.0% 20.5%10.4% 5.95% CO 2 emissions (tonnes/yr) = Σi( IWi x CCWi x FCFi x EFi x 44/12) Per Dr PorterWasteCCWFCFEFConv to CO 2 Result 1,00029%20.6%0.953.67208 600,00029%20.6%0.953.67124,857 Average F C% 5.97%a * b * a * c Note: CCW and FCF factors taken directly from EC 2001 Waste Management Options and Climate Change Poolbeg 1

9. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 9 Correction 1 – Waste Mix Percentage Sums CO2 emissions (tonnes/yr) = Σi( IWi x CCWi x FCFi x EFi x 44/12) Per JPMcCWasteCCW & FCFEFConv to CO 2 Result 1,00010.4%0.953.67363 600,00010.4%0.953.67217,700 Average F C% 10.4%a * b * c CO2 emissions (tonnes/yr) = Σi( IWi x CCWi x FCFi x EFi x 44/12) Per Dr PorterWasteCCWFCFEFConv to CO 2 Result 1,00029%20.6%0.953.67208 600,00029%20.6%0.953.67124,857 Average F C% Error5.97%a * b * a * c Poolbeg 1

10. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 10 Error in CCW & FCF for “Other” Fraction Per Table A8.2CCWFCF Composition%carbonweighted% fossilweighted aba * bca * c Paper24.5%33%8.1%0%0.0% Organics36.7%19%7.0%0%0.0% Plastic13.2%61%8.0%100%13.2% Glass3.0%0%0.0%0%0.0% Metals3.1%0%0.0%0%0.0% Textiles8.1%39%3.2%50%4.0% Others11.4%24%2.7%29%3.3% 29.0% 20.5% Poolbeg 1

11. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 11 Correction 2 – CCW & FCF for “Other” Fraction with adjusted CCW and FCF for "Other" Waste input 1000 CompositionTonnes%carbonCarbon% fossilFossilEFConvResult IWCCW FCFCarbon Paper24.5%24533%810%00.953.670 Organics36.7%36719%700%00.953.670 Plastic13.2%13261%80100%800.953.67280 Glass3.0%300%0 00.953.670 Metals3.1%310%0 00.953.670 Textiles8.1%8139%3250%160.953.6755 Others11.4%11450%5775%430.953.67148 1,000 319 139484 Waste600,000 191,684 83,302 290,168 Real F C% 13.9%Entire Carbon Emitted667,700 Per JPMcC Note: “Others” mainly refers to composites, fine elements such as ash, unclassified incombustibles and unclassified combustibles including wood wastes. [Dr Porter footnote to Table 8.3 in Appendix 8.2] [EPA 1998] Others: Includes cooking oil, mineral oil, batteries, composite packaging, tyres and 70,139 tonnes of residues from mechanical treatment of mixed municipal waste shipped to Germany and Northern Ireland for recovery and recycling respectively. [EPA 2004] Poolbeg 1

12. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 12 Corrected calculation of CO 2 emission Per IPCC 1996WasteCCWFCFEFConv to CO 2 Result 1,00040%40.0%0.953.67557 600,00040%40.0%0.953.67334,400 Average F C% 16.0% Corrected Model290,168 Take mid point of IPCC and JPMcC estimates 310,000 EIS amount124,857 Dr Porter is out by a factor of2.5 Poolbeg 1

13. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 13 Credit for Electricity Exported MWHoursMWhrsFactorCO 2 Avoided 608,760525,6000.4210,240 Poolbeg 1 Per Dr Porter Table 8.6

14. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 14 Correction 3 - Electricity Exported MW (1)Hours (2)MWhrsFactorCO 2 Avoided Per Dr Porter608,760525,6000.4210,240 Per C Norgaard53.458,352446,4140.4178,566 Error31,674 Poolbeg 1 Corrections: 1.Internal electrical usage -6 MW 2.Planned and Forced Outages -17 days

15. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 15 Net Position of Incineration after 3 Corrections Corrections: 1.Waste mix % calculation error 2.Waste mix “Other” fraction 3.Internal electricity usage of 6 MW and Planned and Forced Outages of 17 days IncinerationCO2 Electricity MW Hours CO2 AvoidedNet Per Dr Porter600,000124,857525,600210,240-85,383 As corrected600,000310,000446,414178,566131,434 Error216,817 Poolbeg 1

16. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 16 Scenarios ▪Incineration Landfill + Carbon sequestration Landfill with AD + Carbon sequestration Poolbeg 1

17. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 17 Scenario 1 - Landfill Per Dr Porter Table 8.6 Tonnes CO 2 Eq per annum Landfill total emissions173,600 Greenhouse gas avoid-13,200 Total after allowing power generation160,400 Greenhouse gas sequestered-216,000 Total after power generation with carbon sequestration-55,600 Poolbeg 1

18. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 18 Scenario 1 after Corrections IncinerationLandfillLandfill + Carbon SequestrationNet Per Dr Porter-85,383160,400-245,783 As corrected131,434-55,600187,034 Error432,817 Incineration v Landfill This model proves that landfill with carbon sequestration is better than incineration! Poolbeg 1

19. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 19 Scenario 2 – Landfill & Anaerobic Digestion Per Dr Porter Table 8.10 CO2 Tonnes Eq per annum Landfill 357,780 tonnes44,000 Greenhouse Gas Avoid-7,871 Net Flux from AD of 242,220 tonnes-5,087 Total31,042 Carbon Sequestered –AD-1,696 Carbon Sequestered –Landfill-128,000 Total after electricity avoid and carbon sequestration-98,653 Poolbeg 1

20. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 20 Scenario 2 after corrections IncinerationLandfill & AD Landfill & AD with Carbon Sequestration Net Per Dr Porter-85,38331,042- 116,425 As corrected131,434-98,653230,087 Error346,512 Incineration v Landfill & Anaerobic Digestion This model proves that landfill & AD with carbon sequestration is much better than incineration! Poolbeg 1

21. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 21 Poolbeg 1

22. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 22 Assessment ▪Waste Mix Sources - EPA, EC 2001 CCW and FCF “Other” fraction ▪Electricity produced Incorrect MW hours used CCGT Factor CO 2 avoided ▪Corrected Result Poolbeg 2

23. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 23 Waste Mix & Factors 2005 Scenario600000 Tonnage Waste Fraction % Dry Matter Content Total Carbon Content (Dry) Fossil Carbon Fraction CO2 Emissions (Tonnes/Annum) Paper449,95724.7%90.0%35.4%0.0% Glass53,4612.9%100.0%0.3%0.0% Plastic241,42313.2%100.0%51.3%100.0%149,375 Ferrous24,2041.3%100.0%0.0% Aluminium20,2801.1%100.0%0.0% Other Metals12,5210.7%100.0%0.0% Textiles146,7908.0%80.0%24.9%50.0%17,633 Organics667,51336.6%40.0%35.8%0.2%231 WEEE12,3120.7%100.0%0.0% Wood13,9390.8%85.0%50.0%0.0% Others181,66510.0%90.0%11.0%50.0%10,796 Total Fossil Fuel367,501 Total Non-Fossil Fuel1,456,564 Total1,824,065100.0%72.9%32.1%22.3%178,036 From sheet “incineration calculations” Poolbeg 2

24. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 24 Correction 1 - Waste Mix & Factors 2005 Scenario600000 Tonnage Waste Fraction % Dry Matter Content Total Carbon Content (Dry) Fossil Carbon Fraction CO2 Emissions (Tonnes/Annum) Paper449,95724.7%90.0%35.4%0.0% Glass53,4612.9%100.0%0.3%0.0% Plastic241,42313.2%100.0%61%100.0%177,620 Ferrous24,2041.3%100.0%0.0% Aluminium20,2801.1%100.0%0.0% Other Metals12,5210.7%100.0%0.0% Textiles146,7908.0%80.0%24.9%100.0%35,267 Organics667,51336.6%40.0%35.8%0.2%231 WEEE12,3120.7%100.0%0.0% Wood13,9390.8%85.0%50.0%0.0% Others181,66510.0%90.0%50.0%100.0%98,598 Total Fossil Fuel367,501 Total Non-Fossil Fuel1,456,564 Total1,824,065100.0%72.9%32.1%22.3%311,715 From sheet “incineration calculations” Poolbeg 2

25. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 25 Credit for Electricity Exported MW (1)Hours (2)MWhrsFactorCO 2 Avoided 59.458760520,7820.567295,283 Poolbeg 2 Per Dr Porter Table 8.6

26. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 26 Correction 2 - Electricity Exported MW (1)Hours (2)MWhrsFactorCO 2 Avoided Per Dr Porter59.458760520,7820.567295,283 Per C Norgaard53.458,352446,4140.4178,566 Error116,718 Poolbeg 2 Corrections: 1.Internal electrical usage -6 MW 2.Planned and Forced Outages -17 days 3.Factor for avoided electricity

27. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 27 Net position of Incineration after 2 Corrections Corrections: 1.Waste mix Plastic CCW% Waste mix FCF 50% to 100% for Textiles and Other Other “composition” 2.Internal electrical usage -6 MW Planned and Forced Outages -17 days Factor for avoided electricity IncinerationCO2 Electricity MW Hours CO2 AvoidedNet Per Dr Porter600,000178,036520,782295,283-117,247 As corrected600,000311,715446,414178,566133,149 Error250,397 Poolbeg 2

28. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 28 Scenarios Poolbeg 2 ▪Scenario 1 – Incineration v Landfilling ▪Scenario 2 – Incineration v Landfilling & AD ▪Scenario 3 – Incineration v Landfilling with reducing tonnages ▪Scenario 4 – Incineration v Landfilling with reducing biogenic content ▪Scenario 5 – Incineration v Landfilling As Scenario 4 with reducing gas capture ▪Scenario 6 – Incineration v Landfilling & AD with carbon sequestration ▪Scenario 7 – Incineration v Landfilling with 80,000 tonnes sludge ▪Scenario 8 – Incineration v Landfilling & AD with carbon sequestration and District Heating

29. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 29 Scenario 1 - Landfill Per Dr Porter Scenario 1 from spreadsheet Tonnes CO 2 Eq per annum Landfill total emissions170,245 Greenhouse gas avoid-13,200 Total after allowing power generation157,045 Greenhouse gas sequestered [from Anaerobic Digestion sheet] -201,667 - 44,622 Poolbeg 2

30. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 30 Poolbeg 2

31. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 31 Scenario 1 after corrections IncinerationLandfill Landfill with Carbon Sequestration Net Per Dr Porter-117,247157,045-274,292 As corrected133,149-44,622177,771 Error452,063 Incineration v Landfill Poolbeg 2 This model proves that landfill is better than incineration!

32. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 32 Poolbeg 2

33. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 33 Scenarios 2 & 6 – Landfill & Anaerobic Digestion Per Dr Porter CO2 Tonnes Eq per annum Landfill 357,780 tonnes66,600 Greenhouse Gas Avoid-7,871 Net Flux from AD of 242,220 tonnes-31,776 Total27,552 Carbon Sequestered – AD & Landfill-101,896 Total after electricity avoid and carbon sequestration- 74,344 Poolbeg 2

34. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 34 Poolbeg 2

35. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 35 Scenarios 2 & 6 after corrections IncinerationLandfill & AD Landfill & AD with Carbon Sequestration Net Per Dr Porter-117,24727,552-144,799 As corrected133,149-74,344207,493 Error352,292 Incineration v Landfill & Anaerobic Digestion Poolbeg 2 This model proves that landfill and AD is much better than incineration!

36. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 36 Poolbeg 2

37. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 37 Criticisms ▪Dr Porter changes his models 3 different attempts for this EIS ▪Inconsistent sources EPA, DEFRA, EC 2001, IPCC Why were factors replaced? ▪Electricity Avoid Factor CCGT 0.4 or Renewable 0.0 ▪Models were not peer reviewed His models were accepted at face value Ringaskiddy Meath 1 and Meath 2 Poolbeg 1

38. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 38

39. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 39 Electricity Mix – Based on SEI

40. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 40

41. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 41 Presentation of results ▪Figures for comparison Scientific Notation 3.45E+05 tonnes %s of large national total 0.17% Simplify 345,000 tonnes ▪Graphs Varying Scales Confusing scenarios ▪Presented results different from model

42. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 42 Trends in interpretation ▪Porter Models Ringaskiddy Meath 1 Meath 2 Poolbeg 1 Poolbeg 2 Poolbeg 3 – not submitted to the EPA ▪Corrected Models Poolbeg 1 Poolbeg 2 Poolbeg 3

43. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 43

44. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 44 Conclusion ▪Dr Porter’s climate models are wrong ▪EIS statements on climate are wrong ▪Entire carbon fraction assessment omitted ▪Policy on climate has changed ▪The EPA should refuse licence

45. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 45 Conclusion - Models ▪Dr Porter’s climate models are wrong Wrong sums Wrong waste mix Wrong carbon fractions Wrong credit for electricity ▪Dr Porter’s result124,000 tonnes ▪Corrected result310,000 tonnes

46. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 46 Conclusion – EIS Statements ▪EIS statements on climate are wrong ▪Non Technical Summary is wrong

47. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 47 Conclusion – Entire carbon fraction ▪Entire carbon fraction not assessed ▪Required by IPCC 2006 Rules ▪Incineration667,700 tonnes pa

48. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 48 Cost of CO2 emitted TonnesPrice per tonneCost per annum 667,700€ 20€ 13,354,008 € 50€ 33,385,019

49. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 49

50. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 50 Climate Policy Drivers ▪Stern Report Economic crisis ▪NCCS in Ireland ▪IPCC Reports Urgent Action Required ▪EU Heads of Government 20% target announced for 2020 To become 30% with agreement

51. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 51 Conclusion – Policy Changes ▪Policy on climate has changed ▪EC Heads of Government 20% reduction by 2020 30% if US, China and India agree ▪Drastic change in policy ▪Kyoto target of 63mt drops to 48mt

52. Copyright © Joe McCarthy & Valerie Jennings 2007August 2007 52 Conclusion ▪The EPA should refuse a licence Take climate policy changes into account Require DCC to produce a correct climate model Require DCC to assess 100% carbon release Require DCC to submit a fully revised EIS Allow the public to submit further objections