1. HISTORY 3040 CANADA AND THE WORLD Dr. Curtis Cole Trent University in Oshawa Nineteenth-Century Background September 21, 2009

2. Confederation Nineteenth Century Background

4. Disallowance Nineteenth Century Background Confederation: John A. Macdonald Gradually a different colonial system is being developed – and will become, year by year, less a case of dependence on our part, and of over-ruling protection on the part of the Mother Country, and more a case of healthy and cordial alliance. Instead of looking upon us as a merely dependent colony, England will have in us a friendly nation – a subordinate but still a powerful people – to stand by her in North America in peace or in war. A Self-Governing Colony

5. Major Cause of Confederation: fear of the United States Nineteenth Century Background

6. Major Cause of Confederation : fear of the United States Somewhere on Parliament Hill… there should be erected a monument to this American ogre who has so often performed the function of saving us from drift and indecision. Frank Underhill University of Toronto Nineteenth Century Background

7. Major Cause of Confederation : fear of the United States American Revolution War of 1812 border disputes - New Brunswick - Oregon Nineteenth Century Background

8. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln U.S. President Jefferson Davis Confederate President Nineteenth Century Background

9. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 C.S.S. Alabama Nineteenth Century Background

10. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Trent affair - November-December, 1861 William Henry Seward U.S. Secretary of State Abraham Lincoln One war at a time! Nineteenth Century Background

11. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Trent affair - November-December, 1861 fear of U.S. troop build-up Nineteenth Century Background

12. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 St. Albans Raid - October, 1864 Nineteenth Century Background Magistrate Charles CoursolGeneral John Dix

13. Nineteenth Century Background

15. Louis Riel Nineteenth Century Background

21. Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Treaty of Washington, May 1871

22. Nineteenth Century Background Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama

23. Nineteenth Century Background Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Charles Sumner U.S. Senator, 1851-77 “$2 Billion – Or Give Up Canada” Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama

24. Nineteenth Century Background Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Charles Sumner U.S. Senator, 1851-77 “$2 Billion – Or Give Up Canada” Andrew Johnson U.S. President, 1865-69 Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama

25. Nineteenth Century Background Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Charles Sumner U.S. Senator, 1851-77 “$2 Billion – Or Give Up Canada” Andrew Johnson U.S. President, 1865-69 Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Johnson-Clarendon Convention, 1869

26. Nineteenth Century Background Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Charles Sumner U.S. Senator, 1851-77 Andrew Johnson U.S. President, 1865-69 Reverdy Johnson U.S. Ambassador to Britain Lord Clarendon British Foreign Secretary Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Johnson-Clarendon Convention, 1869

27. Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Johnson-Clarendon Convention, 1869 Rejected by the U.S. Senate, 54-1 Nineteenth Century Background Hamilton Fish U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77 John A. Macdonald Charles Sumner U.S. Senator, 1851-77 Andrew Johnson U.S. President, 1865- 69 Reverdy Johnson U.S. Ambassador to Britain Lord Clarendon British Foreign Secretary

28. Nineteenth Century Background Ulysses S. Grant U.S. President, 1869-77 Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama

29. Nineteenth Century Background Ulysses S. Grant U.S. President, 1869-77 Great Britain apologized Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama

30. Nineteenth Century Background Ulysses S. Grant U.S. President, 1869-77 Great Britain apologized Reparations set at $15.5 million Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama

31. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights

32. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights 1818: Americans forbidden inside 3- mile limit off British territory

33. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights 1818: Americans forbidden inside 3- mile limit off British territory Reciprocity Treaty, 1854 Both permitted to fish north of 36º

34. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights 1818: Americans forbidden inside 3- mile limit off British territory Reciprocity Treaty, 1854 Both permitted to fish north of 36º Treaty lapsed, 1866 Old limits enforced

35. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights Alaska, 1867

36. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights Alaska, 1867 Seward’s Folly William Seward U.S. Secretary of State, 1861-1869

37. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights Alaska, 1867 Seward’s Folly William Seward U.S. Secretary of State, 1861-1869 Santo Domingo

38. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights Alaska, 1867 Puget Sound Santo Domingo

39. Nineteenth Century Background Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reparation Payments for the Alabama Fishing Rights Alaska, 1867 Puget Sound German Emperor appointed arbitrator Ruled in U.S. favour Santo Domingo Kaiser Wilhelm I

40. Nineteenth Century Background John A. Macdonald Treaty of Washington, May 1871

41. Nineteenth Century Background John A. Macdonald Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reciprocity?

42. Nineteenth Century Background John A. Macdonald Treaty of Washington, May 1871 Reciprocity? U.S. not interested

43. NEXT WEEK A New Century Reading: Stacey, vol. I, pp. 52-84 HISTORY 3040 CANADA AND THE WORLD