1. Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

2. 2 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Recap

3. 3 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood X-Ray CT MRI Larmor frequency

4. 4 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Nuclear Medicine

5. 5 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Nuclear medicine Function not Density Oncology/Cancer Heart tissue viability Brain dysfunction epilepsy stroke alzheimer

6. 6 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Bohr’s atomic model

7. 7 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood

8. 8 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Isotopes

9. 9 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity 1. α decay 2. β - decay 3. β + decay

10. 10 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood N Z Radioactivity 4. Electron capture 5. γ emission

11. 11 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Radioactive penetration

12. 12 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Law of radioactive decay Law of attenuation

13. 13 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood IsotopHalf life 4H4H9.93696 × 10 −23 Seconds 26 Na1 Second 15 O122 Seconds 18 F110 Minutes 131 I8 Days 137 Cs30 Years 239 Pu24.110 Years 238 U4.468.000.000 Years 232 Th14.050.000.000 Years

14. 14 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Cyclotron

15. 15 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Cyclotron particles passing through the gap are accelerated increase in velocity and mass result in spiral path

16. 16 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Gamma Scintigraphy

17. 17 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Scintigraphy gamma emitters 99 Mo → 99m Tc + β ⁻ + ν e 99m Tc → 99 Tc + γ

18. 18 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Gamma camera principle of anger camera

19. 19 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Collimator

20. 20 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Scintillators Organic crystals, Organic liquids Anorganic crystals,Plastic

21. 21 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Photomultiplier tube

22. 22 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)

23. 23 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera

24. 24 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Multiple angles 3-6 degrees ca 15-20 sec per angle

25. 25 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Pinhole SPECT

26. 26 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood

27. 27 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

28. 28 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood β + -decay Positron (e + ) Neutrino (ν) Electron (e - ) Annihilation p → n + e + + e + + e - → 2 E γ = 511 keV Angle = 180°

29. 29 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Coincidence Unit Sorting Unit Image Reconstruction PET Image Detectors Decay Millions of events are detected during few minutes of PET scan

30. 30 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Detectors

31. 31 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood

32. 32 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood X y X1X1 y1y1 PET Projections

33. 33 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood r PET Projections

34. 34 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Projections from different angels r

35. 35 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Projections from different angels

36. 36 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Projections from different angels

37. 37 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Projections from different angels

38. 38 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Projection sinogram

39. 39 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Positron range

40. 40 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Non-colinearity

41. 41 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Arc correction

42. 42 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Geometric sensitivity is inhomogeneous

43. 43 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Crystal efficiency normalization

44. 44 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Random and Scatter

45. 45 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood PET Scatter

46. 46 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Coincidence Unit Sorting Unit Image Reconstruction Decay Time of flight PET