1. Brian Beckman, KPMG LLP Kevin Bingham, Deloitte Touche LLP George Levine, KPMG LLP Leon Palmer, Director, UTC Self-Insured Reserving September, 2005

2. 2 In-House Actuarial Perspective In-House Actuary’s Involvement In-House vs. Consulting Actuary Self-Insurance Risk Areas Range of Reasonable Reserves Discounting

3. 3 1. In-House Actuary’s Involvement Setting Reserves/Accruals Maintenance of Actuarial Data Base Interface with Other Departments: Finance, Accounting, Controllers Dept., Legal, Tax Captive Certification Communicate--Operating Units, Auditors (Internal + External), Brokers Budget (Forecast) and Allocation to Operating Units

4. 4 2. In-House vs. Consulting Actuary IN-HS. CONS. Setting Reserves/Accruals Maintenance of Actuarial Data Base Interface with Other Departments Captive Certification(Independence) Communication Budget and Allocation Formal Actuarial Report

5. 5 3. Self-Insurance Risk Areas Underwriting Risk Interest Rate Risk (If Discounting) Timing Risk Collectibility of Insurance/Reinsurance Risk Accounting Risk (Payments to TPAs) Monitoring Loss Payments/Expense Payments

6. Producer solicits/binds coverage, or policy renews Underwriting Process Policy expires and may be renewed or audited Underwriter verifies risk acceptability and price Policy is submitted to Underwriter Underwriting Guides Product Rate Plan and Coverage Premiums Written and Earned Resulting Financial Flows Losses received, recorded, estimated Business Design Markets Targeted Underwriting Expenses result Transactional Data Systems 6 The P/C Company Risk Assumption Process Claims are received or estimated

7. Claims Data Sorted by Insured Reports produced generating loss triangles, etc. to estimate accruals Claims Limited to Self-Insured Retention Claims recorded into General Ledger Bills received from TPA 7 The Self-Insured Company Claim Payment Process Claims are received or estimated Claims Billed to Self-Insurer Injured Party Receives Payment Insurance Company/TPAIndemnified Party Transactional Data Systems Self-Insurer Systems Claims data placed into Actuarial Data Base Claims data delivered to actuary Claims paid to TPA RECONCILIATION

8. 8 4. Where does one carry Accruals? Range of Reasonable Reserve Estimates Range Defined in Actuarial Standard of Practice # 36—Section 3.6.4  Range of Estimates that could be produced by appropriate actuarial methods or alternative sets of assumptions that the actuary judges to be reasonable

9. 9 4. Range of Reasonable Reserves (cont.) Accounting Literature: Financial Accounting Standards No. 5: “Accounting for Contingencies”—Accrue Loss When 1) Probable Asset Impaired or Liability Incurred 2) Amount of Loss Can be Reasonably Estimated

10. 10 4. Range of Reasonable Reserves (cont.) “ FASB Interpretation # 14: Reasonable Estimation of the Amount of a Loss—An Interpretation of FASB 5” 1) When an Amount In Range Appears Better than Another, Accrue that Amount 2) When No Amount is Better than any Other Amount, Accrue the Minimum Amount in the Range

11. 11 4. Range of Reasonable Reserves (cont.) Company must accrue within range, or audit difference posted—MATERIALITY and implications up to Accountant Illustrates Difference Between Actuary’s and Accountant’s View of Best Estimate and Range 1) Actuary: Point Estimate is More Probable than other points//Accountant: Book It (Under FASB5) 2) Accountant: All Points in A Reasonable Range are equally Likely, so Book the Minimum {In Spite of the Existence of A Point Estimate} SSAP #55: Statutory Accounting Management’s Best Estimate

12. 12 5. Discounting For GAAP purposes, discounting is optional Staff Accounting Bulletin 62: 1) Risk-free rate or settlement rate (arms-length transaction, < risk-free rate) locked in by accident year 2) Floating risk-free or settlement rate: entire liability redetermined at end of each period Amount and timing of payments fixed or reliably determinable