2. 2011 年度河南省高等学校精品课程《高级英语》 (A New English Course, Book 6) Unit Three Copyright: Henan University of Technology 2012 Lecturer: Jin Yaming Two Words to Avoid, Two to Remember

3. Teaching Outline I. Teaching Objectives II. Background Information III. Warming-up: filling and speaking IV. Text Structure V. Discourse Analysis VI. Theme-related Reading and Translating VII. Theme-related Writing

4. I. Teaching Objectives 1 Inspiration and instruction of the story [ Thematic Concern ] 2 [ Linguistic Competence ] Summarizing and synthesizing 3 [ Stylistic Appreciation ] The componens of narration 4 [ genre distinction ]

5. II. Background Information 11. Manhattan: an island near the mouth of the Hudson River, a borough of New York City, in southeastern New York State, U.S.A. Commercial and cultural heart of the city. It is the site of the Metropolitan Opera House, Carnegie Hall, the City Center of Music and Drama, and numerous other music institutions.

6. II. Background Information 2. About psychiatrists : A psychiatrist is a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness. The method of psychiatric therapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts

7. II. Background Information 2. About Sigmund Freud: 1856-1939 An Austrian physician and the founder of psychoanalysis. He explored the workings of the human mind and developed psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique to treat neurosis or mental disturbances

8. Id: the division of the psyche that is totally unconscious and serves as the source of instinctual impulses and demands for immediate satisfaction of primitive needs. Ego: the division of the psyche that is conscious, most immediately controls thought and behavior, and is most in touch with external reality. Superego: the division of the psyche that is formed through the internalization of moral standards of parents and society, and censors and restrains the ego. Mostly unconscious, it is composed of the ego ideal and the conscience Freud’s theory

9. III. Warming-up: filling in the blank 1. Almost any situation, good or bad, is affected by the attidude we bring to it. -----Lucius Annaus Seneca, 2. Laugh and the world laughs with you weep, and you weep alone. ----19th American poet Ella Wilcox. 3. Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be." ---- Abraham Lincoln 4. Never cry for the spilled milk. Q1: Complete the sentences and translate them. Q2: What attitudes should we hold towards life?

10. III. Warming-up: questions and answers 1.What are the two words you often speak in your life? Have you ever thought of any implication in these two words? 2.What are the words/sentences do you think we should avoid and what words/sentences we should remember in life? Give your reasons?. 3. Read the text quickly and tell your classmate the two words the author advises the reader to avoid and the ones to remember? Make some explanation. 4. What type of writing is the text? Is it a description, a narrative, or an exposition?

11. IV. Text Structure: text organization I.Introduction (1-3) II. Development (4-31) III. Conclusion (32-33) I. Setting of the story (Paras. 1 – 3) ① The instructive significance of the story (1) ② Setting (2 – 3) III. Denouement or conclusion (Paras.32 – 33) A small fragment of immortality, to be sure. II. Development of the story (Paras. 4 – 31) ① In the little French restaurant (4 – 8) ② In the Old Man’s office (9 – 26) ③ Outside the office (27 -31)

12. 10/15/2015 V. Discourse Analysis IV. Text Structure: text organization The 1st part: introduction(Paras1-3) significance & setting of the story The time: one rainy wintry afternoon The place: a French restaurant in Manhattan The author’s mood: frustrated and depressed because of his failure to complete an important project, which is the cause of the meeting with the psychiatrist

13. 10/15/2015 V. Discourse Analysis IV. Text Structure: text organization The 2 nd part: Body part --development(Paras. 4-31) ① In the little French restaurant (4 – 8) perception of the old man ② In the Old Man’s office (9 – 26) after listening to three recordings and minds struggle, the young man realized his problem with the help of the old man ③ Outside the office (27 -31) the humor and wisdom of the man The 3 rd part: Conclusion (Paras. 32-33) Whenever I find myself thinking “if only”, I change it to “next time”. Nothing is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person.

14. V. Discourse Analysis 1.The distinctions among narration, description and exposition: 2. The componens of narration

15. narrationdescriptionexposition purposeTo tell a story, to tell what happened(what/when/w ho/where) To describe an object, to tell how something looks, to re-create the thing in words To explain an idea, a thing, a person or a combination of these, to answer the questions how and why. exampleAn unforgettable Experience in my Childhood Summer Palace, Palace Museum, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University. Long-term drug use can have disastrous effects on one's marriage, career and health. organizationIn timeIn spaceBy logic What are they like? A stage play or motion picture in words (to describe a course of events from a subjective vantage point, and may be written in first-person present/past tense A verbal photograph or painting (to provide a vivid picture of a person, location, object, event, etc. A lecture, discussion, or debate. Central ideaReveal an insight about the action or people involved Show significance of an object, place, event or greatness of a person Prove an idea to be true

16. 1. Setting When, where : one rainy wintry afternoon a French restaurant 2. Characters Who: the young man and the old man 3.Problems/Conflicts What: frustrated and depressed because of his failure to complete an important project V. Discourse Analysis: the components of narration 4. Goal Why: inspiration and instruction, the power of positive thinking 5. Plot How: the help offered by the old man in his office to the young man by listening to three recordings 6. Outcome A small fragment of immortality Whenever I find myself thinking “if only”, I change it to “next time”, which is what I have learned from the small piece of good advice

17. VI. Theme-related Reading and Translating Exercises Positive Mental Attitude(PMA) The third step in achieving lasting success is to develop an attractive personality. A pleasant personality is a well-rounded one; accordingly there are twenty-five different aspects of your personality which you must strive to improve. Don't be intimidated by that number, for you'll find that many of the aspects are closely related. Working to bolster one will help you strengthen many others. A positive mental attitude is the right mental attitude in any given situation and is most often composed of the plus characteristics symbolized by such words as "faith," "integrity," "hope," "optimism," "courage" "initiative," "generosity," "tolerance," "tact," "kindliness," and "good common sense." PMA is the most important aspect of any attractive personality; indeed, it is crucial to many of the Seventeen Principles of Success.PMA influences your tone of voice, your posture, your facial expressions. It modified every word you say and determines the nature of the emotions you feel. It affects every thought you have and the results your thoughts bring you.

18. VII. Theme-related Writing Exercises Topic: Do you think attitude is everything? Write an article on positive and negative attitudes’ influence on your study and work.

19. Thank you!