1. Rejuvenation of Hawaiian Fishponds Part 1. Reproduction of Hawaiian Oysters Part 2. Extension Services on the Big Island Daren Garriques Jr. Extension Agent Center for Sustainable Aquaculture

2. Potential Resource Hawaii fish ponds have long history of aquaculture Historical records indicate fish and inverts were harvested Modern times the remaining fish ponds represent an important resource for – Science, self-sustainability and cultural identity

3. He`eia Fishpond: Photo by Paepae o He`eia

4. Past 3 years Oyster hatchery work Spat collectors trials, C. gigas growth trial data collection D. sandvicensis reproductive biology and framing Tours and community outreach Aquaponics implementation and technology transfer to schools Mullet hatchery and distribution Past 4 months

5. D. sandvicnesis 2 to 5 cm in size and ~ 1 to 2 cm in depth Related to European oyster (O. edulis) and other tropical small oyster like Caribbean osyter (D. frons) Fossil record common to all Hawaii island

6. Importance of D. sandvicensis Endemic to Hawaii Ecological role of bivalves – Precipitation of suspended solids In lagoons & estuaries – Reef building Possible aquaculture product Future application for monitoring pollutants

7. Gametogenic cycle importance Base line information – Aquaculture – Other endemic bivalve might be similar Future studies – Larvae recruitment – More parameter to characterize this endemic species – Ecological role studies – Toxicology studies of coastal waters

8. Possible seasonal patterns of reproduction of D. sandvicensis Temperate and boreal species of bivalves show a period of reproductive activity usually during early spring. Subtropical species usually are more active during high food abundance in spring and summer Tropical species are usually more active in spring and summer months but can also be active in fall and winter months.

9. Spat collectors placing and monitoring at He’eia January 2009 Spat collection bags set at fish pond February to June 2009 bags were checked for signs of spat (once per month) Substrate used in trial was not colonized

10. Methods Once a month for a year samples (oysters) are collected from He’eia fish pond Oahu Two different groups collected at same time for: – CI ratios (30) – GS histology (12)

11. Field sample collection CI Samples Histology

12. Results

13. Results cont.

14. D. Sandvicensis reproductive cycle Tropical pattern – CI lower is significant lower in summer months samples – GS 1 is more significant present in summer months samples Adapted for year around spawning/brooding – GS1 present slightly in Fall and Winter months

15. C. gigas growth trial data collection 2009

16. Oyster hatchery work C. gigas 2009-2010 – Experience gained on all aspects of seed and spat production D. sandvicnesis – 2009 (wild stocks) Spawning, brood collection, larvae rearing and setting trials – 2010 (wild and F1 stocks) Brood collection, larvae rearing, setting and growth trials

17. Larvae collector Spat 2 weeks old Larvae 2 days oldAdult 2 years old D. Sandvicensis culture system

18. 2011 mullet hatchery and extension work

19. Mullet hatchery work Hatchery set up Trials for spawning – Winter spawning trials – Conditioning 6 females – Summer trials ( late June early July 2011) Monitoring Spawning Fingerling production Distribution and technology transfer

20. Mullet hatchery

21. Winter Spawning trial 3 trials – January 28 – February 3 – February 17 1-1.5 million eggs per female No fertilization

22. Conditioning 18 fish – 6 females – 12 unkown Artificial photoperiod – 1 year into 6 months – Increments in 15 to 30 minutes – First check for mature females in late May 2011

23. Extension to fish ponds Currently identifying obstacles for mullet production – Literature research management of fry – Life feed production Once successful spawning is achieved – Fingerling transportation – Stock densities

24. Aquaponics Aquaponic system PACRC Aquaponic in construction for Keaukaha elementary

25. Ocean Day at PACRC

26. Tours # of Tours22 Schools17 Private5 Total Adults148 Total students254 Total402

27. Mahalo!